Study | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | Q6 | Q7 | Q8 | Q9 |
|---|
Murphy and Darrah (2015) | Y | Y | U | N | N | Y | Y | Y | Y |
- Note: Y = yes, indicates a clear statement appears in the paper which directly answers the question; N = no, indicates that the question has not been answered in the paper; U = unclear, indicates there is no clear statement in the paper that answers the question or there is ambiguous information presented in the paper. Criteria for the critical appraisal of quasi-experimental studies:
- Q1: Is it clear in the study what is the ‘cause’ and what is the ‘effect’ (i.e. there is no confusion about which variable comes first)?
- Q2: Were the participants included in any comparisons similar?
- Q3: Were the participants included in any comparisons receiving similar treatment/care, other than the exposure or intervention of interest?
- Q4: Was there a control group?
- Q5: Were there multiple measurements of the outcome both pre and post the intervention/exposure?
- Q6: Was follow up complete and if not, were differences between groups in terms of their follow up adequately described and analyzed?
- Q7: Were the outcomes of participants included in any comparisons measured in the same way?
- Q8: Were outcomes measured in a reliable way?
- Q9: Was appropriate statistical analysis used?
- Abbreviations: N, no; U, unclear; Y, yes
