Fig. 1

Differentially expressed proteins analysis. (A) Valcano plot. The x-axis represents the Log₂fold-change, which indicates the magnitude of change in expression levels between two groups (before and after treatment), and the y-axis represents the statistical significance (the negative log₁₀ of the p-value). Symbols in red represent upregulated proteins, and blue represents downregulated proteins. (B) Heatmap. Each row represents a protein, and each column represents a sample. The color of each cell in the heatmap indicates the relative expression level of a protein in a specific sample. The color scale represents the magnitude of expression, with higher expression levels represented by red color and lower expression levels represented by blue color