Could driving help us to “see better”? A comparative assessment of saccadic efficiency, visual speed, and attention

Table 5 Descriptive data and comparisons between age groups

Variable	Age group	Mean	SD	95% CI		F test (Brown-Forsythe)		Post-hoc
Variable	Age group	Mean	SD	Lower	Upper	Stat.	Sig.	Gr.	Sig.
ADEMd
V_adj	1. Young adults	53.35	7.85	50.66	56.05	14.65	*******	1–2	**
	2. Adults	61.85	17.34	57.29	66.41			1–3	*******
	3. Older adults	76.18	21.17	67.80	84.55			2–3	**
H_adj	1. Young adults	57.13	7.36	54.61	59.66	10.87	*******	1–2	**
	2. Adults	66.21	18.00	61.48	70.95			1–3	*******
	3. Older adults	80.16	26.40	69.72	90.60			2–3	*
Hd_adj	1. Young adults	58.88	9.30	55.69	62.07	13.23	*******	1–2	*******
	2. Adults	72.57	19.14	67.54	77.60			1–3	*******
	3. Older adults	90.16	33.63	76.86	103.47			2–3	*
UFOV
Subtest 1	1. Young adults	17.00	.00	17.00	17.00	3.44	*	1–2	^N/S
	2. Adults	24.49	25.77	16.35	32.62			1–3	^N/S
	3. Older adults	38.33	30.80	18.76	57.90			2–3	^N/S
Subtest 2	1. Young adults	18.52	4.81	16.33	20.71	15.53	*******	1–2	*******
	2. Adults	74.07	75.50	50.24	97.91			1–3	**
	3. Older adults	160.92	107.05	92.90	228.93			2–3	*
Subtest 3	1. Young adults	22.90	15.68	15.56	30.24	32.22	*******	1–2	*******
	2. Adults	134.98	102.51	102.62	167.33			1–3	*******
	3. Older adults	286.50	114.63	213.67	359.33			2–3	**

All values are expressed in seconds (Adult Developmental Eye Movement test [ADEMd]) or milliseconds (Useful Field of View test [UFOV])
V vertical sheets, H horizontal sheet, Hd horizontal sheet with distractors, adj adjusted time (considering the mistakes), SD standard deviation, Stat. Brow-Forsythe statistic, Sig. p-value of significance, Gr. Groups being compared (1–2: Young adults with adults; 1–3: young adults with older adults; 2–3: adults with older adults)
^N/SNon-significant difference
^*significant at the level p < .050
^**significant at the level p < .010
^***significant at the level p < .001

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