Comparison of bleb morphologies between phacoemulsification combined with Ex-PRESS mini shunt implantation, phacotrabeculectomy and trabeculectomy alone: a two-year retrospective in vivo confocal microscopy study

Table 2 Pre- and Post-operative change of IOP and antiglaucoma medications in the three groups

	Phaco-ExPRESS (n = 32)	Phaco-Trab (n = 25)	Trab (n = 32)	P value
PRE-OP IOP (Mean ± SD)	21.15 ± 8.27	24.21 ± 7.80	29.82 ± 11.32	†P = 0.23 ‡P = 0.03 §P < 0.01
POST-OP 2 W IOP (Mean ± SD)	9.57 ± 3.16	11.56 ± 3.56	10.02 ± 4.21	†P = 0.05 ‡P = 0.12 §P = 0.63
POST-OP 1 M IOP (Mean ± SD)	11.06 ± 3.15	12.81 ± 3.81	12.91 ± 4.47	†P = 0.10 ‡P = 0.93 §P = 0.06
POST-OP 3 M IOP (Mean ± SD)	12.51 ± 3.21	13.08 ± 4.05	13.10 + 4.58	†P = 0.59 ‡P = 0.99 §P = 0.56
POST-OP 6 M IOP (Mean ± SD)	12.49 ± 3.53	12.94 ± 3.54	12.54 ± 3.26	†P = 0.63 ‡P = 0.77 §P = 0.84
POST-OP 12 M IOP (Mean ± SD)	13.14 ± 3.69	13.62 ± 3.84	12.37 ± 3.53	†P = 0.63 ‡P = 0.25 §P = 0.47
POST-OP 18 M IOP (Mean ± SD)	12.71 ± 2.51	13.92 ± 3.87	12.93 ± 3.32	†P = 0.18 ‡P = 0.29 §P = 0.73
POST-OP 24 M IOP (Mean ± SD)	13.17 ± 3.48	18.00 ± 3.38	12.90 ± 3.08	†P = 0.85 ‡P = 0.91 §P = 0.74
NO. of antiglaucoma medications at baseline (Mean ± SD)	1.97 ± 1.12	2.24 + 0.94	3.00 ± 1.10	†P = 0.37 ‡P = 0.01 §P < 0.01
NO. of antiglaucoma medications at (Mean + SD)	0.53 ± 0.84	1.32 ± 1.21	0.72 ± 0.99	†P = 0.04 ‡P = 0.03 §P = 0.46

The IOP preoperatively and postoperative 2 weeks (POST-OP 2 W), postoperative 1 month (POST-OP 1 M), postoperative 3 months (POST-OP 3 M), postoperative 6 months (POST-OP 6 M), postoperative 12 months (POST-OP 12 M), postoperative 18 months (POST-OP 18 M), postoperative 24 months (POST-OP 24 M), number of preoperative and postoperative anti-glaucoma medications. †: Phaco-ExPRESS vs. Phaco-Trab, ‡: Phaco-Trab vs. Trab, §: Phaco-ExPRESS vs. Trab. A p-value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. For preoperative IOP, the Phaco-ExPRESS group showed lower IOP than the Trab group (p < 0.01). No statistical significance was found in postoperative IOP from 2 weeks to 24 months among the three groups. However, for preoperative anti-glaucoma medications, the Trab group showed a higher number of anti-glaucoma medications than the other two groups (p < 0.05). As for postoperative anti-glaucoma medications, no significant difference was found between the Phaco-ExPRSS group and the Trab group, whereas the Phaco-Trab group showed higher number of medications than the other two groups (p < 0.05)

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