Table 4 Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses of risk factors for astigmatism ≤-1.5 D (N = 6465)

Age (year)

< 0.001

< 0.001

7

526 (7.8)

Reference

Reference

8

610 (8.0)

1.031 (0.913–1.165)

0.619

1.119 (0.988–1.268)

0.076

9

563 (7.3)

0.938 (0.829–1.061)

0.31

0.959 (0.844–1.089)

0.52

10

592 (7.7)

0.995 (0.880–1.124)

0.935

0.943 (0.830–1.070)

0.362

11

669 (8.0)

1.030 (0.915–1.160)

0.623

0.883 (0.779–1.001)

0.052

12

699 (9.0)

1.170 (1.040–1.317)

0.009

0.958 (0.845–1.086)

0.505

13

597 (10.0)

1.318 (1.166–1.490)

< 0.001

1.061 (0.930–1.210)

0.38

14

568 (10.5)

1.388 (1.226–1.572)

< 0.001

1.013 (0.885–1.160)

0.846

15

564 (12.3)

1.668 (1.471–1.890)

< 0.001

1.169 (1.020–1.341)

0.025

16

388 (11.6)

1.555 (1.355–1.786)

< 0.001

1.212 (1.042–1.409)

0.012

17

390 (11.7)

1.567 (1.365–1.799)

< 0.001

1.172 (1.007–1.364)

0.04

18

237 (9.6)

1.260 (1.073–1.480)

0.005

1.096 (0.921–1.305)

0.302

19

62 (7.1)

0.901 (0.685–1.183)

0.453

0.920 (0.687–1.232)

0.575

Gender

< 0.001

Female

2819 (8.0)

Reference

Reference

Male

3646 (10.0)

1.272 (1.208–1.339)

< 0.001

1.314 (1.246–1.386)

< 0.001

Nationality

< 0.001

Han

4846 (10.8)

2.538 (2.323–2.773)

< 0.001

1.915 (1.741–2.106)

< 0.001

Uyghur

579 (4.5)

Reference

Reference

Kazakhs

102 (6.8)

1.541 (1.239–1.915)

< 0.001

1.489 (1.193–1.859)

< 0.001

Hui

462 (8.7)

2.010 (1.771–2.282)

< 0.001

1.634 (1.431–1.865)

< 0.001

Kyrgyz

306 (5.8)

1.295 (1.123–1.494)

< 0.001

1.238 (1.071–1.431)

0.004

Others

170 (8.6)

1.972 (1.651–2.356)

< 0.001

1.672 (1.392–2.007)

< 0.001

Spherical equivalent (right eye)

< 0.001

< 0.001

SE≤-6.00 D

505 (50.0)

19.385 (16.985–22.125)

< 0.001

16.027 (13.931–18.437)

< 0.001

-6.00 D < SE≤-3.00 D

1409 (17.7)

4.174 (3.874–4.497)

< 0.001

3.511 (3.224–3.822)

< 0.001

-3.00 D < SE<-0.50 D

2139 (9.1)

1.938 (1.816–2.068)

< 0.001

1.753 (1.635–1.879)

< 0.001

-0.50 D ≤ SE ≤ + 0.50 D

1787 (4.9)

Reference

Reference

SE > + 0.50 D

625 (21.5)

5.295 (4.789–5.855)

< 0.001

5.365 (4.844–5.942)

< 0.001