Table 8 Prevalence rates of astigmatism in different studies around the world
References | Country | n | Age (year) | Definition (D) | Refraction type | Prevalence (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
In this study | China, Xinjiang | 71,838 | 7–19 | C≤-0.75 | Non-cycloplegic autorefraction | 36.10 |
|  |  |  | C≤-1.50 | Non-cycloplegic autorefraction | 9.00 | |
Wang,2020 [11] | China, Yiwu | 4801 | 5–20 | C≤-1.50 | Non-cycloplegic autorefraction | 14.20 |
Li, 2019 [35] | China, Shanghai | 7166 | 4–6 | C≤-1.00 | Non-cycloplegic autorefraction | 12.70 |
Wang, 2014 [36] | China, Xuzhou | 2255 | 2–6 | C<-1.00 | Cycloplegic autorefraction | 8.80 |
Fan, 2011 [37] | China,HongKong | 823 | 2–6 | C≤-2.00 | Cycloplegic autorefraction | 5.70 |
SHIH, 2004 [22] | China, Taiwan | Year 1995, 11,175; | 7–18 | C≤-0.50 | Non-cycloplegic autorefraction | Year 1995, 42.50 |
| Â | Year 2000, 10,878 | Â | Â | Â | Year 2000, 51 | |
|  |  |  | C≤-1.00 | Non-cycloplegic autorefraction | Year 1995, 27.90; | |
| Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Year 2000, 32.60 | |
Harrington, 2019 [38] | Ireland | 1626 | 6–13 | C≤-1.00 | Non-cycloplegic autorefraction | 19.20 |
Mayro, 2018 [39] | America, Philadelphia | 18,974 | Kindergarten to fifth grade | C<-1.00 | Non-cycloplegic autorefraction | 7.80 |
Hashemi, 2021 [23] | Iran, Shahroud | 5528 | 6–12 | C≤-0.75 | Cycloplegic autorefraction | 16.70 |
Norouzirad, 2015 [40] | Iran, Dezful | 1375 | 6–15 | C≤-0.50 | Cycloplegic autorefraction | 45.3 |
Fotouhi, 2011 [21] | Iran, Dezful | 5544 | 14–18 | C≤-0.75 | Cycloplegic autorefraction | 13.47 |
Chebil, 2015 [15] | Tunisian | 6192 | 6–14 | C≤-0.75 | Non-cycloplegic autorefraction | 6.67 |
Wajuihian, 2017 [41] | South African | 1589 | 13–18 | C≤-0.75 | Non-cycloplegic autorefraction | 3.10 |
Soler, 2015 [42] | Equatorial Guinea | 425 | 6–16 | C≤-0.75 | Cycloplegic autorefraction | 32.50 |