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Table 2 Neuron cells in the inner nuclear layer and their functions and markers

From: Autoantibody against transient receptor potential M1 cation channels of retinal ON bipolar cells in paraneoplastic vitelliform retinopathy

Cell type

Function

Cell marker

Bipolar

Responsible for signals transmitting from photoreceptors to retinal ganglion cells; divided into ON and OFF bipolar cells according to their responses to visual stimuli: light stimuli increase the conductance of ON bipolar cells but decrease that in OFF bipolar cell

ON bipolar: PKCα (rod, DB4), CD15 (DB6), Islet-1, Glycine, Goα [34]; OFF bipolar: Recoverin, Glutamate transporter-1(DB2), PKCβ, Calbindin (DB3) [34]; ON and OFF bipolar: CaB5 [34]

Amacrine

Responsible for modulation of signal reaching ganglion cells; affecting orientation selectivity, light–dark effect and color discrimination

Syntaxin [35], Dab1, AP2α [36], Pax6 [37],

Horizontal

Having an integrative role in retinal processing and release inhibitory neurotransmitters; providing feedback for the photoreceptors

Parvalbumin [38]

Müller

Forming architectural support structures in the retina; involved in protein synthesis, intracellular transport and secretion; helping nourish and maintain the outer neuroretina

Glutamine synthetase [39]

  1. PKC=protein kinase C; DB= diffuse bipolar cells; CaB5=calcium-binding protein 5; Dab1=Disabled-1; AP2α=activator Protein 2 alpha; Pax6=paired box.
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BMC Ophthalmology

ISSN: 1471-2415

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