Diagnostic techniques for inflammatory eye disease: past, present and future: a review

BMC Ophthalmology

Table 1 An overview of validity of various tests (and combinations thereof) used in the diagnosis of infective uveitides

	Infective agent	Assay	n (patients in studies)	Validity*	Reference
Ruokuonen et al.	Rubella (in FHI)	Aqueous IgG	63	100.0%	[35]
Ruokuonen et al.	Rubella (in FHI)	Aqueous PCR	20	10.0%	[35]
Suzuki et al.	Rubella (in FHI)	GWC (> 3)	14	71.4%	[36]
Suzuki et al.	Rubella (in FHI)	Aqueous PCR	9	22.2%	[36]
Quentin et al.	Rubella (in FHI)	AI (≥ 1.5)	52	100.0%	[37]
Quentin et al.	Rubella (in FHI)	Aqueous PCR	28	17.9%	[37]
Ang et al.	TB	IGRA (T-SPOT.TB)	162	Sp 75.0%, Sen 36.0%	[48]
		TST		Sp 51.1%, Sen 72.0%
		TST + T-SPOT.TB		OR 2.16 (95% CI, 1.23-3.80)
De Groot-Mijnes et al.	HSV	PCR / GWC +	13	46.2%	[50]
		GWC +		46.2%
	VZV	PCR / GWC +	16	62.5%
		GWC +		25.0%
	Toxoplasma	PCR / GWC +	25	28.0%
		GWC +		64.0%
Kiljstra et al. / Rothova et al.	Toxoplasma	GWC	22-30	72.7%-93.3%	[53, 54]
Talabani et al.	Toxoplasma	PCR + immunoblotting	54	Sen 73%	[55]
		GWC + immunoblotting		Sen 70%
		PCR + GWC		Sen 80%
		PCR + GWC + immunoblotting		Sen 85%
Villard et al.	Toxoplasma	ELISA	19	Sp 85%	[56]
		Immunoblotting	19	Sp 85%
		PCR	18	Sp 100%
Dabil et al.	CMV, VZV, HSV, Toxoplasma	Multiplex PCR	21	85.7%	[61]
Dabil et al.	CMV, VZV, HSV, Toxoplasma	Multiplex PCR		71.4% (loss of <1 log sensitivity)	[61]

*Most studies are cohort studies and do not represent robust outcomes of validation.
Values stated are positive rates of detection unless otherwise specified.
FHI Fuchs’ heterochromic iridocyclitis, GWC Goldmann-Witmer Coefficient, PCR polymerase chain reaction, AI antibody index, TB Tuberculosis, IGRA interferon-gamma release assays, TST tuberculin skin test, Sp specificity, Sen sensitivity, OR odds ratio, HSV herpes simplex virus, VZV varicella zoster virus.

ISSN: 1471-2415