Table 3 Factors associated with the ocular morbidity in three ecological regions
Description | Ocular disease present N (%) | Ocular disease absent N (%) | Chi-square test | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
P value | ||||
Demographic factors | ||||
Region | Terai | 116(2.2%) | 5092(97.7%) | 0.000 |
Hill | 78(2.5%) | 3058(97.5%) | ||
Mountain | 180(9.3%) | 1746(90.7%) | ||
Age (years) | <5 | 96(2.5%) | 3789(97.5%) | 0.000 |
> = 5-10 | 278(4.4%) | 6107(95.6%) | ||
Sex | Female | 172(3.4%) | 4916(96.6%) | 0.16 |
Male | 202(3.9%) | 4980(96.1%) | ||
Religion | Hindu | 140(2.7%) | 5097(97.3%) | 0.000 |
Buddhist | 184(6.8%) | 2523(93.2%) | ||
Christian | 15(2.5%) | 582(97.5%) | ||
0thers | 35(2.0%) | 1694(98.0) | ||
Type of family | Nuclear | 237(3.6%) | 6314(96.4%) | 0.37 |
Joint | 117(3.9%) | 2890(96.1%) | ||
Extended | 20(2.8%) | 692(97.2%) | ||
Maternal factors | ||||
History of marriage (Consanguinity) | Yes | 175(7.0%) | 2332(93.0%) | 0.000 |
No | 199(2.6%) | 7555(97.4%) | ||
Mothers education | Literate | 117(3.0%) | 3733(97.0) | 0.006 |
Illiterate | 257(4.0%) | 6163(96%) | ||
Mother’s smoking habit | Yes | 117(3.0%) | 3742(97.0%) | 0.01 |
No | 257(4.0%) | 6154(96.0%) | ||
Mother’s alcohol habit | Yes | 142(7.1%) | 1883(92.9%) | 0 |
No | 2326(2.8%) | 8013(97.2%) | ||
ANC period | Uneventful | 339(3.7%) | 8774(96.3%) | 0.23 |
Eventful | 35(3.0%) | 1122(97.0%) | ||
Biological factors | ||||
Birth history | Full term | 373(3.6%) | 9885(96.4%) | 0.48 |
Preterm | 1(14.3%) | 10(85.7%) | ||
Place of birth | Home | 348(3.7%) | 8949(96.3%) | 0.9 |
HF | 26(2.7%) | 947(97.3%) | ||
Type of delivery | Normal | 372(3.6%) | 9825(96.4%) | 0.93 |
Forceps | 1(4.3%) | 22(95.7%) | ||
Vacuum | 0(0) | 3(100%) | ||
C/S | 1(2.1%) | 46(97.9%) | ||
Postnatal period | Uneventful | 370(3.6%) | 9881(96.4%) | 0.000 |
Eventful | 4(21.1%) | 15(78.9%) | ||
Immunization | Yes | 360(3.5%) | 9797(96.5%) | 0.000 |
No | 14(12.4%) | 99(87.6%) | ||
Previous ocular surgery/treatment | Yes | 10(21.7%) | 36(78.3%) | 0.000 |
No | 364(3.6%) | 9860(96.4%) | ||
Systemic illness | Yes | 5(23.8%) | 16(76.2%) | 0.000 |
No | 369(3.6%) | 9879(96.4%) | ||