Table 1 Characteristics of enrolled case–control studies
Author (year) | Country | Fasting | No. of RVO patients | No. of controls | Age (case/control, y) | Sex (case/control; M/F) | Source of cases | Source of controls | Matching | Reported Plasma tHcy concentrations or MTHFR C677T genotype | NOS score | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | CRVO | BRVO | |||||||||||
Salomon (1998) [59] | Israel | No | 102 | 45 | 48 | 105 | NA | 58/44; 65/40 | CP | Hospital patients with non-retinal vascular diagnosis | Age | MTHFR C677T | 7 |
Glueck (1999) [25] | United States | No | 17 | NA | NA | 234 | 52/37 | 8/9;NA | CP | “Healthy subjects” | NA | MTHFR C677T | 6 |
Vine (2000 ) [26] | United States | No | 74 | 74 | 0 | 74 | 69.8/64.6 | 29/45; 33/41 | HR | Hospital patients with non-retinal vascular diagnosis | Age | tHcy | 8 |
Larsson (2000) [27],a | Sweden | No | 37 | 37 | 0 | 65 | 40.9/40.9 | 67/49; 110/30 | HR | “Randomly selected” | Age | tHcy, MTHFR C677T | 8 |
79 | 79 | 0 | 88 | 69.6/69.6 | |||||||||
Pianka (2000) [28] | Israel | No | 21 | 21 | 0 | 81 | 58.6/66 | NA | CP | “Healthy adults” | Age, Sex | tHcy | 6 |
Martin (2000) [9] | United Kingdom | Yes | 60 | 36 | 24 | 85 | 65.6/51.5 | NA | CP | Laboratory staff/hospital patients | NA | tHcy | 7 |
Cahill (2000) [29] | Ireland | Yes | 61 | 40 | 21 | 87 | 69.2/70.2 | 29/32; 36/51 | HR | Hospital patients, primarily cataract extraction | Age | tHcy, MTHFR C677T | 8 |
Boyd (2001) [30] | United Kingdom | No | 63 | 63 | 0 | 63 | 60.3/60.8 | NA | CP | Hospital patients with non-retinal vascular diagnosis | Age | tHcy, MTHFR C677T | 8 |
Marcucci (2001) [31] | Italy | Yes | 100 | 100 | 0 | 100 | Median 59/ 56 | 54/46; 58/42 | CP | Friends/partners, no cardiovascular disease | Age, Sex | tHcy, MTHFR C677T | 7 |
Weger (2002) [32] | Austria | Yes | 84 | 0 | 84 | 84 | 68.1/68.2 | 37/47; 37/47 | CP | Hospital patients, | Age | tHcy, MTHFR C677T | 8 |
Adamczuk (2002) [33] | Argentina | Yes | 37 | 37 | 0 | 144 | NA | 17/20; 66/78 | CP | “Volunteers” | Age, Sex | MTHFR C677T | 7 |
Brown (2002) [34] | United States | Yes | 20b | 15 | 3 | 20 | 69.1/69.5 | 12/8; 10/10 | HR | “Normal subjects” | Age, Sex | tHcy | 8 |
Weger (2002) [35] | Austria | Yes | 78 | 78 | 0 | 78 | 68.7/68.6 | 33/45; 33/45 | HR | Hospital patients | Age, Sex | tHcy, MTHFR C677T | 8 |
El-Asrar (2002) [36] | Saudi Arabia | Yes | 48 | 36 | 12 | 59 | 45.3/46.1 | NA;44/15 | CP | “Healthy adults” | Age, Sex | tHcy | 6 |
Blondel (2002) [58] | France | No | 101 | 85 | 14 | 29 | 54/51.0 | 45/56; 13/16 | CP | Source not given | Age | tHcy | 7 |
Marcucci (2003) [37] | Italy | Yes | 55 | 26 | 29 | 61 | Median 57/ 56 | 24/31; 27/34 | CP | Friends/partners, | Age, Sex | tHcy, MTHFR C677T | 8 |
Parodi (2003) [38] | Italy | Yes | 31 | 31 | 0 | 31 | 44.5/44.2 | 19/12; 19/12 | CP | “Volunteers” | Age, Sex | tHcy, MTHFR C677T | 7 |
Dodson (2003) [39] | United Kingdom | NA | 40 | NA | NA | 40 | Median 66.1/ 66 | 21/19; 21/19 | CP | “healthy adults” | Age, Sex | MTHFR C677T | 7 |
Yaghoubi (2004) [40] | Iran | Yes | 24 | 10 | 14 | 24 | 61.1/61. 7 | 11/13; 12/12 | CP | Hospital patients | Age | tHcy | 6 |
Yildirim (2004) [41] | Turkey | Yes | 33 | 9 | 20 | 25 | 61.0/58.0 | 15/18; 11/14 | CP | NA | Age, Sex | tHcy | 7 |
Atchaneeyas-akul (2005) [42] | Thailand | Yes | 32 | 11 | 15 | 88 | 53.8/54.4 | 19/22; 41/49 | CP | Volunteers | Age, Sex | tHcy | 6 |
Ferrazzi (2005) [43] | Italy | Yes | 69 | NA | NA | 50 | 64.1/58.4 | 40/29; 38/12 | CP | Volunteers | Age | tHcy, MTHFR C677T | 8 |
McGimpsey (2005) [44] | United Kingdom | No | 106 | 60 | 46 | 98 | 67.9/68.4 | 55/51; 45/53 | HR | Clinic patients /friends | Age, Sex | tHcy, MTHFR C677T | 8 |
Gao(2006) [45] | China | Yes | 64 | 64 | 0 | 64 | 59.5/59.5 | 33/31; 33/31 | CP | Volunteers | Age, Sex, | tHcy, MTHFR C677T | 7 |
Gumus (2006) [46] | Turkey | Yes | 82 | 26 | 56 | 78 | 57.7/57.4 | 36/46; 33/45 | CP | Patients with refractive errors, presbyopia, or cataract | Age, Sex | tHcy | 7 |
Lattanzio (2006) [47] | Italy | Yes | 58 | 58 | 0 | 103 | 39.8/40.3 | 38/20; 59/44 | CP | Hospital staff | Age, Sex | tHcy | 7 |
Pinna (2006) [48] | Italy | Yes | 75 | 33 | 42 | 72 | 63.9/63.5 | 40/35; 37/35 | CP | Friends/partners/hospital staff | Age, Sex | tHcy | 8 |
Narayanasam-y (2007) [49] | India | Yes | 29 | 29 | 0 | 57 | 31.0/27.0 | 22/7; 41/16 | CP | Hospital staff/students | Age, Sex | tHcy | 8 |
Biancardi (2007) [50] | Brazil | No | 55 | NA | NA | 55 | NA | 23/32; 23/32 | CP | Hospital patients | Age, Sex | MTHFR C677T | 6 |
Moghimi (2008) [51] | Iran | Yes | 54 | 54 | 0 | 51 | 59.8/63.0 | 32/22; 29/22 | CP | Clinic patients | Age, Sex, | tHcy | 7 |
Sofi(2010) [52] | Italy | Yes | 262 | NA | NA | 262 | Median 66.0/ 65.5 | 122/140; 123/139 | CP | Healthy subjects | Age, Sex | tHcy | 8 |
Di Capua (2010) [53] | Italy | Yes | 117 | NA | NA | 202 | 54.0/52.0 | 61/56; 105/97 | CP | Volunteers | Age, Sex | tHcy, MTHFR C677T | 7 |
Pinna(2010) [54] | Italy | Yes | 40 | 0 | 40 | 80 | 64.3/63.2 | 19/21; 38/42 | CP | “Normal subjects” | Age, Sex | tHcy | 8 |
Sottilotta (2010) [14] | Italy | No | 105 | 17 | 88 | 226 | 58.4/55.7 | 46/59; 44/182 | CP | Healthy participants | Age | MTHFR C677T | 7 |
Pinna (2010) [55] | Italy | Yes | 29 | 29 | 0 | 80 | 63.2/63.2 | 15/14; 38/42 | CP | Healthy participants | Age, Sex | tHcy | 6 |
Tea (2013) [19] | France | No | 21 | 21 | 0 | 23 | 46/46 | 14/7;15/8 | CP | Volunteers | Age, Sex | MTHFR C677T | 7 |
Bharathi (2012) [56] | India | Yes | 23 | 23 | 0 | 57 | 30.0/28.0 | 17/6; 38/16 | CP | Volunteers | Age, Sex | tHcy | 6 |
Dong (2013) [18] | China | Yes | 68 | 68 | 0 | 68 | 58.6/58.6 | 28/40; 28/40 | CP | Hospital patients | Age, Sex | tHcy, MTHFR C677T | 7 |
Lahiri (2013) [10] | India | Yes | 64 | 24 | 40 | 45 | NA | NA | CP | NA | Age, Sex | tHcy | 7 |
Minniti (2014) [17] | Italy | Yes | 91 | 47 | 44 | 71 | 57/55 | 51/40; 30/41 | HR | Volunteers | Age, Sex | tHcy, MTHFR C677T | 7 |
Mrad(2014) [20] | Tunisia | Yes | 72 | NA | NA | 140 | 48.5/51.7 | 50/22; 95/45 | HR | Healthy participants | Age | tHcy, MTHFR C677T | 7 |
Russo (2014) [57] | Italy | Yes | 113 | NA | NA | 104 | NA | 57/56; 75/29 | CP | Volunteer controls | Age, Sex | MTHFR C677T | 6 |