Evaluation of real-world mobility in age-related macular degeneration

BMC Ophthalmology

Table 4 Effect of AMD and vision metrics on the likelihood of not leaving home on a given day

Variable	Interval	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
		OR	Pvalue	OR*	Pvalue
Vision
AMD	Present	1.59	<0.001	1.36	0.04
Better eye VA	0.1logMAR worse	1.13	<0.001	1.08	0.07
Binocular CS	0.1 log decrement	1.11	0.006	1.06	0.12
Sig. cataract/PCO	Present	1.25	0.46	---	---
Demographics
Age	10 years older	3.00	<0.001	2.20	0.002
Gender	Female vs. male	0.79	0.44	0.56	0.19
Race	White vs. non-White	1.13	0.32	1.09	0.39
Education	4 years more	1.39	0.22	---	---
Employed	Yes vs. No	0.37	0.007	§§	§§
Health/cognition /driving
Comorbidities	1 or more illness	1.02	0.84	0.97	0.79
Depressive symptoms	Present vs. absent	1.61	0.39	§§	§§
BMI	1 unit higher	1.02	0.30	---	---
MMSE – VI score	5 points lower	2.33	0.03	1.40	0.35
Grip strength	5 kg less	1.07	0.25	1.21	0.06
Weather
Temperature <45°F	Yes vs. No	1.07	0.66	---	---
Rainfall > 0.2 mm	Yes vs. No	0.94	0.60	---	---

OR = Odds ratio of not leaving home on a given day; AMD = age-related macular degeneration; VA = visual acuity; CS = contrast sensitivity; logMAR = logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution; Sig. = significant; PCO = Posterior Capsular Opacification (either eye); BMI = body mass index’ MMSE-VI = Mini-mental status examination for the visually impaired; °F = degrees Fahrenheit; mm = millimeters.
*OR for vision variables were each derived from separate multivariable models including all non-visual covariates shown. OR for non-visual variables were derived from the multivariable model containing AMD as the vision variable. Values in bold indicate p < 0.05.
§§ - Employment was not included in the multivariable models as unemployment may occur as a result of AMD and does not directly influence effect of vision related parameters on travel away from home.

ISSN: 1471-2415