Table 2 Participant characteristics by presentation of diabetic retinopathy and gender
From: Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in Tehran province: a population-based study
Characteristic | Total (N = 634) | No DR (n = 394) | Any DR (n = 240) | P* | Men with DR (n = 116) | Women with DR (n = 124) | P¶ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 59.29 (11.98) | 60.15 (12.50) | 55.89 (10.96) | 0.017 | 57.73 (10.56) | 58.06 (11.42) | 0.814 |
Sex (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Male | 287 (45.3) | 163 (56.8) | 124 (43.2) | 0.012 | - | - | - |
Female | 347 (54.7) | 231 (66.6) | 116 (33.4) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Diabetes type | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
I | 16 (2.5) | 7 (43.8) | 9 (56.3) | 0.12 | 3 (42.9)§ | 6 (66.7)§ | 0.321 |
II | 618 (97.5) | 387 (62.6) | 231 (37.4) | Â | 121 (43.2) | 110 (32.5) | Â |
Duration (year) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
<5 | 215 (33.9) | 167 (77.7) | 48 (22.3) | <0.001 | 27 (29.7) | 21 (16.9) | 0.981 |
5-10 | 214 (33.8) | 141 (65.9) | 73 (34.1) | Â | 32 (34.0) | 41 (34.2) | Â |
11-15 | 100 (15.8) | 54 (0.54) | 46 (0.46) | Â | 28 (59.6) | 18 (34.0) | Â |
15-20 | 47 (7.4) | 12 (25.5) | 35 (74.5) | Â | 19 (86.4) | 16 (64.0) | Â |
>20 | 58 (9.1) | 20 (34.5) | 38 (65.5) | Â | 18 (54.5) | 20 (80.0) | Â |
Hypertension | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Absent | 383 (60.4) | 250 (65.3) | 133(34.7) | 0.045 | 86 (42.6) | 47 (26.0) | <0.001 |
Present | 251 (39.6) | 144(57.4) | 107 (42.6) | Â | 38 (44.7) | 69 (41.6) | Â |
Nephropathy | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Absent | 599 (94.5) | 380 (63.4) | 219 (36.6) | 0.005 | 112 (42.1) | 107 (32.1) | 0.599 |
Present | 35 (5.5) | 14 (40.0) | 21 (60.0) | Â | 12 (57.1) | 9 (64.3) | Â |
Hyperlipidemia | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Absent | 360 (56.8) | 232 (64.4) | 128(35.6) | 0.17 | 73 (39.9) | 55 (31.1) | 0.075 |
Present | 278 (43.2) | 162(59.1) | 112 (40.9) | Â | 51 (49.0) | 61 (35.9) | Â |
HgbA1C | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Control | 396 (62.5) | 252 (63.6) | 144 (36.4) | 0.318 | 68 (40.7) | 76 (33.2) | 0.092 |
Uncontrol | 238 (37.5) | 142 (59.7) | 96 (40.3) | Â | 56 (46.7) | 40 (33.9) | Â |
Diabetes control | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Diet +Exercise | 56 (8.8) | 55(98.2) | 1(1.8) | <0.001 | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.6) | 0.319 |
   Oral medication | 513 (81.0) | 309 (60.2) | 204 (39.8) |  | 103 (43.8) | 101 (36.3) |  |
   Insulin injection | 65 (10.2) | 30(46.2) | 35 (53.8) |  | 21 (61.8) | 14 (45.2) |  |