Table 1 Pupil response metrics in four study populations using the Portable Field Dark Adaptometer (2010–2013)
From: A novel device for assessing dark adaptation in field settings
Country, Assessment Year | Bangladesh, 2010 | Kenya, 2010 | Zambia, 2012 | Peru, 2013 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Study Population | Pregnant women | School-aged children | Preschool-aged children | Adults |
n | 242 | 184 | 305 | 91 |
Male, n (%) | 0 (100.0) | 79 (43.0) | 148 (48.5) | 44 (48.4) |
Mean age ± SD | 23.4 ± 6.1 | 9.2 ± 1.9 | 5.7 ± 1.3 | 55.1 ± 10.9 |
Mean relative change ± SD in pupil diameter (%)1 | ||||
All stimuli: -2.9 to 0.1 log cd/m2 | −19.8 ± 5.0 | −15.5 ± 5.8 | −17.0 ± 6.8 | −22.7 ± 8.0 |
Low intensity: −2.9 to −1.3 log cd/m2 | −14.5 ± 5.3 | −9.4 ± 5.1 | −9.2 ± 5.9 | −16.3 ± 7.6 |
High intensity: −0.9 to 0.1 log cd/m2 | −26.2 ± 5.4 | −23.1 ± 7.5 | −26.7 ± 8.3 | −30.5 ± 8.8 |
Mean response time (s) 2 | ||||
All stimuli: −2.9 to 0.1 log cd/m2 | 1.27 ± 0.31 | 1.02 ± 0.16 | 1.11 ± 0.21 | 1.13 ± 0.18 |
Low intensity: −2.9 to −1.3 log cd/m2 | 1.21 ± 0.29 | 0.90 ± 0.19 | 1.00 ± 0.21 | 1.07 ± 0.22 |
High intensity: −0.9 to 0.1 log cd/m2 | 1.35 ± 0.44 | 1.17 ± 0.17 | 1.24 ± 0.25 | 1.20 ± 0.22 |
Mean +/- SD pupillary threshold (log cd/m2) | −1.87 ± 0.75 | −1.20 ± 0.83 | −1.34 ± 0.70 | −1.91 ± 0.81 |
Distribution of pupillary thresholds (%)3 | ||||
Good: −2.9 to −2.1 cd/m2 | 49.2 | 23.4 | 20.7 | 59.3 |
Adequate: −1.7 to −0.9 cd/m2 | 42.1 | 42.9 | 55.3 | 29.7 |
Impaired: −0.5 to 0.1 cd/m2 | 8.7 | 33.7 | 24.0 | 11.0 |