Table 3 Association of awareness of diabetic retinopathy in the population: Univariate logistic regression
No (%) | Yes (%) | Total | Odds Ratio | P - value | 95 % C. I. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (Years) | ||||||
60–69 | 435(86.8) | 66(13.2) | 501 | 1.00 | ||
70–79 | 338(93.1) | 25(6.9) | 363 | 0.48 | 0.003 | 0.3–0.8 |
≥ 80 | 98(92.4) | 8(7.5) | 106 | 0.53 | 0.113 | 0.2–1.1 |
Sex: | ||||||
Male | 382(87.4) | 55(12.6) | 437 | 1.00 | ||
Female | 489(91.7) | 44(8.3) | 533 | 0.62 | 0.028 | 0.4–0.9 |
Occupation: | ||||||
Agriculture | 709(91.3) | 67(8.7) | 776 | 1.00 | ||
Service holders | 39(72.2) | 15(27.8) | 54 | 4.07 | <0.001 | 2.1–7.7 |
Housewives | 71(87.6) | 10(12.3) | 81 | 1.49 | 0.269 | 0.7–3.0 |
Others | 52(88.1) | 7(11.9) | 59 | 1.42 | 0.402 | 0.6–3.2 |
Education: | ||||||
Illiterate | 690(92.2) | 58(7.7) | 748 | 1.00 | ||
Literate | 181(81.5) | 41(18.5) | 222 | 2.69 | <0.001 | 1.7–4.1 |
BCVA(Log MAR) | ||||||
≥ 0.3 | 442(86.8) | 67(13.2) | 509 | 1.00 | ||
< 0.3 | 429(93.1) | 32(6.9) | 461 | 0.49 | 0.001 | 0.3–0.8 |
Smoking | ||||||
No smoking | 256(91.1) | 25(8.9) | 281 | 1.00 | ||
Present smoker | 296(88.9) | 37(11.1) | 333 | 1.28 | 0.365 | 0.7–2.2 |
Past smoker | 319(89.6) | 37(10.4) | 356 | 1.18 | 0.323 | 0.7–2.0 |
Diagnosis of diabetes | ||||||
No | 820(92.6) | 65(7.3) | 885 | 1.00 | ||
Yes | 51(60.0) | 34(40.0) | 85 | 8.41 | <0.001 | 5.1–13.9 |
Duration of diabetes (yrs) | ||||||
0–4 | 25(75.7) | 8(24.3) | 33 | 1.00 | ||
5–9 | 15(57.7) | 11(42.3) | 26 | 2.29 | 0.144 | 0.8–6.9 |
≥ 10 | 11(42.3) | 15(57.7) | 26 | 4.26 | 0.011 | 1.4–12.9 |
Diabetic retinopathy | ||||||
No | 853(90.5) | 90(9.5) | 943 | 1.00 | ||
Yes | 18(66.7) | 9(33.3) | 27 | 4.73 | <0.001 | 2.1–10.8 |