Fig. 1

Etanercept prevents axonal damage secondary to ischemic injury. a-c Transmission electron micrographs of cross sections through rat optic nerves. a Normal compact axons with myelination and round shape in sham-treated control optic nerves (black arrowhead). b Axonal shrinkage with distortion of round shape and demyelination 4 weeks after acute ischemic injury. Separation of myelin sheath (white arrowhead) and a whorl-shaped mass (white arrow). c Relatively preserved round axons with myelination in ischemic model treated with 1.0 mg/kg etanercept. Original magnification: ×400; Scale bar, 10 μm