BMC Ophthalmology

Table 1 Distribution of participants with and without open-angle glaucoma by socio-demographic, biophysical and ocular characteristics

From: Risk factors for open-angle glaucoma in Nigeria: results from the Nigeria National Blindness and Visual Impairment Survey

	Without OAG [control]		OAG [cases]
Total participants N = 12,946	n = 12,738 (96.5 %)		n = 462 (3.5 %)
	n	%	n	%
Socio-demographic factors
Age group (years)
40 – 49	4760	37.4	45	9.7
50 – 59	3415	26.8	75	16.2
60 – 69	2550	20.0	124	26.9
70 – 79	1439	11.3	141	30.5
80+	574	4.5	77	16.7
Age (years) Mean ± SD	55.4 ± 12.1		66.2 ± 12.3	p < 0.001
Gender
Female	6940	54.5	221	47.8
Male	5798	45.5	241	52.2
Ethnic group^a
Hausa	3191	25.2	78	16.9
Yoruba	2478	19.5	95	20.6
Igbo	1752	13.8	114	24.7
Fulani	801	6.3	20	4.3
Kanuri	326	2.6	13	2.8
Tiv	328	2.6	10	2.2
Ijaw	234	1.8	11	2.4
Urhobo	231	1.8	5	1.1
Ibibio	199	1.6	7	1.5
Nupe	198	1.6	8	1.8
Others	2946	23.2	100	21.7
Literacy
Literate	5618	44.1	159	34.4
Illiterate	7120	55.9	303	65.6
Place of residence
Rural	9883	77.6	354	76.6
Urban	2855	22.4	108	23.4
Biophysical factors
Blood pressure (mmHg)^a
Normal	9343	73.8	308	67.2
Hypertension ≥140/90 mmHg	3315	26.2	150	32.8
Random blood glucose (mmol/L)^a
Normal	1551	97.1	98	96.1
Diabetes ≥11.1 mmol/L	47	2.9	4	3.9
Body mass index^a
Normal 18.5–24.9 kg/m²	7672	61.1	276	60.6
Underweight <18.5 kg/m²	1365	10.9	74	16.3
Overweight 25.0–29.9 kg/m²	2464	19.6	75	16.5
Obese ≥30.0 kg/m²	1060	8.4	30	6.6
Ocular factors^b
Total eyes N = 26,316 (100 %)	25,634 (97.4 %)		682 (2.6 %)
Axial length (mm) Mean ± SD	22.63 ± 0.97		22.76 ± 1.09	p = 0.001
IOP (mmHg) Mean ± SD	14 ± 4		22 ± 11	p < 0.001

IOP intraocular pressure, OAG open-angle glaucoma, SD standard deviation
^amissing values excluded; ^bocular factors distribution by eyes

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