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Table 1 Intra-rater agreement for fundus photograph reading by the ophthalmologist and by two MLOPs

From: Intra- and inter-rater agreement between an ophthalmologist and mid-level ophthalmic personnel to diagnose retinal diseases based on fundus photographs at a primary eye center in Nepal: the Bhaktapur Retina Study

Retinal findings

Ophthalmologist (Kappa value; 95 % CI)

MLOP 1 (Kappa value; 95 % CI)

MLOP 2 (Kappa value; 95 % CI)

Overall retinal pathologies

0.72 (0.66–0.79)

0.41 (0.34–0.49)

0.60 (0.53–0.68)

Retinal hemorrhage

0.74 (0.60–0.87)

0.51 (0.26–0.76)

0.84 (0.72–0.97)

Maculopathy

0.73 (0.65–0.80)

0.37 (0.28–0.45)

0.70 (0.62–0.77)

Non gradable

0.85 (0.77–0.92)

0.81 (0.73–0.89)

0.70 (0.59–0.81)

  1. Abbreviations: MLOP mid-level ophthalmic personnel, CI confidence interval