Table 4 Case Reports/Studies showing beneficial effects of early AMT during the acute phase of TEN

John et al [22]

2002

Interventional Case Report

TEN

Severe

6 – 8

2

First use of amniotic membrane transplantation in acute TEN

First use of amniotic membrane on external eyelid and lid margin

First to demonstrate of effectiveness of AMT in preventing lid/cornea adhesion and restoring ocular surface integrity

Kobayashi et al [23]

2006

Interventional Case Report

TEN

Severe

6

1

First to show evidence that repeat AMT is effective in treating persistent epithelial defects after initial early AMT

Atzori et al [24]

2006

Interventional Case Report

TEN

Severe

68

1

First report to identify an angiotensin II receptor antagonist as a possible causative agent

Tandon et al [25]

2007

Interventional Case Report

TEN

Severe

12

1

Uses repeated epilation to prevent corneal epitheliopathy in acute and chronic stages

Shammas et al [21]

2009

Retrospective Case Series

SJS or TEN

Severe

2 – 82

8

First to compare Prokera use (partial coverage of ocular surface) and AMT use (complete coverage)

Gregory [19]

2011

Prospective Case Series

SJS or TEN

Severe

3 – 28

10

All patients treated within 10 days of disease onset

Repeat AMT performed every 10-14 days if ocular surface inflammation persisted

Further evidence to show that Prokera alone was inadequate

Hsu et al [20]

2012

Case Control Study

SJS or TEN

Mild-Severe

N/A

30 (13 treated with AMT, 17 medical management alone)

Showed better visual outcomes in AMT treated eyes over eyes without AMT across the spectrum of disease

Showed superior outcomes in eyes with AMT done within the first week of disease onset

Kim et al [26]

2014

Retrospective Case Series

SJS or TEN

Mild-Severe

1 – 59

51

Demonstrated that patients < 18 years of age had worse ocular outcomes

Demonstrated benefits of IVIG + steroid use on ocular outcomes

Lopez-Garcia et al [27]

2014

Prospective Case Series

TEN

Moderate - Severe

N/A

5

First to show histological evidence to support beneficial effects of AMT

Sharma et al [28]

2016

Randomized Controlled Trial

SJS

N/A (prospective)

31.7 ± 16.7 27.9 ± 12.5

25 + 25

Only prospective randomized control trial evaluating the efficacy of AMT in the management of acute SJS.

Gregory [29]

2016

Prospective Case Series

SJS & TEN

All severity

N/A

79

Proposed a grading system to facilitate decision making on when to do AMT