Fig. 3

The effects of lutein and zeaxanthin isomers on VEGF (Panel A), ICAM-1 (Panel B), INOS (Panel C), NFkB (Panel D), Nrf-2 (Panel E) and HO-1 (Panel F) levels of retina tissue in rats. The intensity of the bands shown in (Panel G) was quantified by densitometric analysis. VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; ICAM-1, intercellular adhesion molecule 1; iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase; NF-kB, NF-kappa-B transcription complex; Nrf-2, nuclear factor erythroid 2 [NF-E2]-related factor 2; HO-1, heme oxygenase-1; L/Zi, control + lutein and zeaxanthin isomers; HFD, high-fat diet; HFD+L/Zi, high-fat diet+lutein and zeaxanthin isomers. The intensity of the bands was quantified by densitometric analysis. Data are expressed as a ratio of normal control value (set to 100%). The bar represents the standard error of the mean. Blots were repeated at least 3 times (n=3) and a representative blot is shown. β-actin was included to ensure equal protein loading