Table 1 Univariate analysis of patient characteristics associated with the decision-making groups ODM, SDM and PDM (Totals and subtotals may vary slightly due to missing data)
Characteristics | ODM N = 140 | SDM N = 599 | PDM N = 67 | p-value (univariate) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age - yr. [min-max] | 63.94 ± 13.61 [18–90] | 57.51 ± 15.53 [18–88] | 57.18 ± 15.61 [22–88] | <.001 |
Gender - no. (%) | ||||
Males | 81 (57.9) | 327 (54.6) | 35 (52.2) | .718 |
Females | 59 (42.1) | 269 (44.9) | 32 (47.8) | |
Diabetes duration - yr | 15.99 ± 11.72 | 15.65 ± 12.03 | 17.33 ± 13.84 | .555 |
Diabetes type - no. (%) | ||||
Type 1 | 25 (17.9) | 203 (33.9) | 24 (35.8) | <.001 |
Type 2 | 110 (78.6) | 355 (59.3) | 41 (61.2) | |
HbA1c level (mean, %) | 7.39 ± 1.14 | 7.23 ± 1.01 | 7.36 ± 0.86 | .211 |
Patients knowledge of HbA1c no. (%) | ||||
known | 97 (69.3) | 500 (83.5) | 55 (82.1) | .001 |
not known | 38 (27.1) | 88 (14.7) | 11 (16.4) | |
Complications and comorbidities no. (%) | ||||
Hypertension | 95 (67.9) | 341 (56.9) | 38 (56.7) | .069 |
Dyslipidemia | 74 (52.9) | 251 (41.9) | 24 (35.8) | .535 |
Neuropathy | 63 (45.0) | 191 (31.9) | 16 (23.9) | .003 |
Retinopathy | 26 (18.6) | 98 (16.3) | 10 (14.9) | .764 |
Nephropathy | 19 (13.6) | 81 (13.5) | 6 (9.0) | .545 |
Coronary heart disease | 23 (16.4) | 75 (12.5) | 11 (16.4) | .399 |
Myocardial infarction | 12 (8.6) | 42 (7.0) | 7 (10.5) | .562 |
Stroke | 9 (6.4) | 14 (2.3) | 4 (6.0) | .027 |
Peripheral artery occlusive disease | 15 (10.7) | 39 (6.5) | 7 (10.5) | .169 |
Diabetic foot syndrome | 12 (8.6) | 19 (3.2) | 3 (4.5) | .018 |
Education attainment level - no. (%) | ||||
Lower secondary education | 86 (61.4) | 243 (40.6) | 21 (31.3) | <.001 |
Intermediate secondary education | 19 (13.6) | 127 (21.2) | 14 (20.9) | |
Upper secondary education | 10 (7.1) | 41 (6.8) | 7 (10.5) | |
Tertiary education | 15 (10.7) | 165 (27.5) | 25 (37.3) | |
Frequency of ophthalmologist consultations - no. per year (%) | ||||
≥ 3× | 23 (16.4) | 55 (9.2) | 5 (7.5) | .036 |
2× | 36 (25.7) | 131 (21.9) | 12 (17.9) | |
1× | 62 (44.3) | 273 (45.6) | 34 (50.7) | |
< 1× | 16 (11.4) | 125 (20.9) | 14 (20.9) | |