Table 4 Univariable and multivariable associations of glaucoma related quality of life with demographic characteristics
From: The impact of glaucoma on quality of life in Ethiopia: a case-control study
Variable | Domain | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Central & near vision | Outdoor Mobility | Peripheral vision | Dark adaptation and glare | Overall score | ||||||
Mean | (95% CI) | Mean | (95% CI) | Mean | (95% CI) | Mean | (95% CI) | Mean | (95% CI) | |
Age (years) | ||||||||||
18–30 | 3.7 | (1.9–5.5) | 1.9) | (0.9–2.9 | 11.6 | (5.1–18.0) | 12.4 | (8.4–16.5) | 29.6 | (17.4–41.7) |
31–40 | 2.9 | (0.8–6.9) | 1.8 | (0.4–3.9) | 11.5 | (−2.2–25.5) | 11.7 | (3.0–20.4) | 28.2 | (2.1–54.3) |
41–50 | 5.9 | (2.2–9.7) | 2.9 | (0.8–5.0) | 18.6 | (5.0–32.1) | 14.4 | (6.0–23.0) | 41.9 | (16.3–67.4) |
51–60 | 5.8 | (2.1–9.4) | 3.0 | (0.9–5.0) | 18.7 | (5.4–32.0) | 16.5 | (8.2–24.9) | 44 | (18.9–68.9) |
61–70 | 4.8 | (2.9–10.2) | 3.6 | (1.6–5.6) | 21.0 | (7.9–34.1) | 19.2 | (11.1–27.5) | 50.4 | (25.7–75.0) |
> 70 | 6.8 | (3.2–10.5) | 3.6 | (1.6–5.7) | 20.7 | (7.5–33.9) | 19.9 | (11.7–28.3) | 51.1 | (26.2–75.9) |
P valuea | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | |||||
P valueb | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | |||||
Sex | ||||||||||
Male | 7.2 | (6.1–8.4) | 3.8 | (3.2–4.5) | 24.9 | (20.8–29.1) | 20.8 | (18.1–23.6) | 56.9 | (48.8–64.9) |
Female | 6.1 | (4.0–8.4) | 2.8 | (2.0–4.5) | 19.7 | (11.9–27.7) | 17.9 | (12.7–23.1) | 47.1 | (31.7–62.4) |
P valuea | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.01 | |||||
P valueb | – | – | – | – | 0.06 | |||||
Residence | ||||||||||
Rural | 7.4 | (6.5–8.2) | 3.9 | (3.4–4.3) | 23.9 | (20.9–26.9) | 20.5 | (18.5–22.5) | 55.7 | (49.9–61.5) |
Urban | 6.4 | (4.9–7.8) | 3.4 | (2.5–4.1) | 20.6 | (15.2–25.5) | 18.3 | (14.8–21.7) | 48.4 | (38.3–58.5) |
P valuea | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | |||||
P valueb | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | |||||
Educational status | ||||||||||
Unable to write and read | 6.7 | (6.3–7.1) | 3.5 | (3.3–3.7) | 21.0 | (19.6–22.3) | 18.6 | (17.6–19.5) | 49.8 | (47.2–52.4) |
Only read and write | 6.8 | (5.8–7.7) | 3.6) | (3.1–4.1 | 22.5 | (19.0–25.9) | 19.5 | (17.0–21.8) | 52.4 | (45.7–59.0) |
Primary school (1–8) | 4.3 | (3.0–5.6) | 2.3 | (1.6–3.0) | 15.3 | (10.6–19.8) | 13.8 | (10.6–17.0) | 35.7 | (26.9–44.5) |
Secondary school (9–12) | 4.8 | (3.4–6.2) | 2.1 | (1.3–2.8) | 13.5 | (8.6–18.4) | 17.3 | (13.9–20.5) | 37.7 | (28.3–47.2) |
Certificate and above | 3.1 | (1.7–4.5) | 1.5 | (0.7–2.5) | 8.3 | (3.4–13.1) | 11.0 | (7.0–14.3) | 23.9 | (14.6–33.2) |
P valuea | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | |||||
P valueb | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | |||||
Monthly income (ETB) | ||||||||||
< 400 | 6.9 | (6.6–7.3) | 3.7 | (3.5–3.9) | 22.9 | (21.6–24.2) | 19.5 | (18.6–20.4) | 53.1 | (50.5–55.6) |
401–1000 | 5.6 | (4.8–6.6) | 3.1 | (2.6–3.6) | 18.3 | (15.0–21.6) | 16.7 | (14.4–19.0) | 43.8 | (37.3–50.2) |
> 1000 | 4.3 | (3.3–5.5) | 1.7 | (1.1–2.3) | 10.8 | (16.8–14.6) | 14.1 | (11.4–16.9) | 30.9 | (23.2–38.6) |
P valuea | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | |||||
P valueb | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | |||||