Table 2 Reported cases of infectious scleritis after posterior subtenon triamcinolone acetonide injection
Patient | Reported year | Age and gender | Comorbidities (focal and systemic) | Durations from STTA | Symptoms at onset | Clinical ocular findings at onset | Causative pathogen | Pharmacotherapy (topical) | Pharmacotherapy (systemic) | Surgical therapy (except incision of abscess) | Recurrence | Outcome/final VA (decimal) | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2004 | 90, female | BRVO | 3 weeks | Orbital mass | Orbital mass, blepharoptosis | Staphylococcus aureus | None | Clindamycin | None | Recovery/NA | Engelman et al. [14] | |
2 | 2007 | 63, male | Graves’ ophthalmopathy | 3 months | None | Subconjunctival abscess, anterior chamber cell, retinal white lesion and RD | Alternaria spp. | Fluconazole, miconazole, micafungin | Fluconazole, miconazole | Cataract extraction, PPV, scleral buckling | + | Recovery/0.7 | Isshiki et al. [12] |
3 | 2007 | 50, male | Uveoretinitis, Bechet’s disease, diabetes | 2 weeks | Discharge | Subconjunctival whitish mass | Nocardia spp. | levofloxacin, cefmenoxime | Minocycline | None | + | Recovery/NA | Kusaka et al. [11] |
4 | 2007 | 62, female | Diabetic retinopathy | 2 month | Ocular pain | Periocular mass, conjunctival injection, anterior chamber cell | Pseudallescheria boydii | Amphotericin B, itraconazole | Amphotericin B, itraconazole | Debridement of subtenon abscess | Phthisis bulbi/NA | Oh et al. [10] | |
5 | 2007 | 33, female | Intermediate uveitis | 2 weeks | Pain, redness and yellow discharge | Subconjunctival infiltrate | Streptococcus pneumoniae | ciprofloxacin | ciprofloxacin | None | + | Recovery/1.2 | Azarbod et al. [13] |
6 | 2008 | 80, female | CME after cataract surgery, POAG | A few weeks | Pain, red eye | Scleral necrosis, scleral thinning, nonrhegmatogenous RD | Nocardia asteroids | Amikacin, ceftazidime, trimethoprim sulfate, polymyxin B | Minocycline | Bovine endocardium patch graft | Recovery/CF | Seth et al. [9] | |
7 | 2009 | 58, male | Diabetic retinopathy | 3 months | Diplopia, deep ocular pain | Ptosis, restricted eye movement, epibulbar abscess | Scedosporium apiospermum | Gatifloxacin, natamycin | Levofloxacin, itraconazole, voriconazole | PPV, cataract extraction | Recovery/0.5 | Ikewaki et al. [8] | |
8 | 2011 | 20, male | Corneal graft rejection | 2 days | Ocular pain, ocular discharge | Corneal edema, anterior chamber reaction, mucoid discharge, localized conjunctival necrosis | Staphylococcus epidermidis | Amikacin, vancomycin | Ciprofloxacin | None | Recovery/NA | Gharaee et al. [7] | |
9 | 2017 | 75, male | BRVO, hypertension, colon cancer and metastatic hepatic tumor | 2 months | Ocular pain, hyperemia | Subtenon abscess, lid swelling, anterior chamber cells | Scedosporium apiospermum sensu stricto | Voriconazole, levofloxacin, natamycin | Voriconazole | Debridement of infected sclera | + | Recovery/0.2 | This study |