Table 1 Comparison of the demographic and laboratory characteristics of the patients with and without DME
Characteristics | Patients with DME (n = 63, 15.3%) | Patients without DME (n = 350, 84.7%) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 58.86 ± 11.27 | 56.03 ± 11.95 | 0.082 |
Gender (female/male) | 26/37 | 196/154 | 0.031* |
BMI (kg/m2) | 29.25 ± 5.78 | 29.46 ± 5.80 | 0.797 |
Type of diabetes (1/2) | 4/59 | 23/327 | 0.604 |
Duration of diabetes (years) | 16.77 ± 8.16 | 7.64 ± 7.12 | < 0.001* |
DR (n) | |||
 Mild-moderate DR | 18 (28.6%) | 52 (14.9%) | < 0.001* |
 Severe-very severe | 10 (15.9%) | 6 (1.7%) | |
 PDR | 35 (55.5%) | 11 (3.1%) | |
Smoking (n = 97, 23.5%) | 12 (19%) | 85 (24.2%) | 0.367 |
Alcohol (n = 10, 2.4%) | 5 (7.9%) | 5 (1.4%) | 0.010* |
Hypertension (n = 242, 58.5%) | 42 (66.6%) | 200 (57.1%) | 0.158 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 130.37 ± 20.15 | 128.56 ± 17.86 | 0.469 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 79.25 ± 8.87 | 79.05 ± 9.91 | 0.881 |
Anti-hyperlipidemic drug usage (n = 109, 26.4%) | 10 (15.9%) | 99 (28.3%) | 0.040* |
CVD (n = 78, 18.9%) | 16 (25.4%) | 62 (17.7%) | 0.152 |
Peripheral neuropathy (n = 209, 50.6%) | 42 (66.6%) | 167 (47.7%) | 0.006* |
Nephropathy (n = 99, 24.0%) | 28 (44.4%) | 71(20.3%) | < 0.001* |
 Normoalbuminuria (n = 314, 76%) | 35 (55.5%) | 279 (79.7%) | < 0.001* |
 Microalbuminuria (n = 69, 16.7%) | 20 (31.7%) | 49 (14%) | |
 Macroalbuminuria (n = 30, 7.3%) | 8 (12.7%) | 22 (6.2%) | |
HbA1c (%) | 8.39 ± 1.97 | 8.02 ± 2.23 | 0.226 |
FBG (mg/dL) | 164.50 ± 57.86 | 157.50 ± 65.84 | 0.523 |
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.13 ± 0.81 | 0.87 ± 0.63 | 0.021* |
GFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 76.21 ± 28.82 | 88.25 ± 22.35 | 0.002* |
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 187.95 ± 41.75 | 194.00 ± 50.72 | 0.372 |
LDL-C (mg/dL) | 114.44 ± 33.76 | 117.85 ± 36.72 | 0.494 |
HDL-C (mg/dL) | 40.19 ± 11.87 | 43.45 ± 11.92 | 0.046* |
Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 165.24 ± 86.87 | 158.52 ± 113.69 | 0.656 |