Table 2 Clinical manifestation of toxic anterior segment syndrome in large-scale outbreak studies
Clinical manifestation | Suzuki et al. [18] (n:251) | Oshika et al. [8] (n:147) | Endophthalmitis vitrectomy study [12] (n:420) |
|---|---|---|---|
Onset after surgery (day) | 38.44 ± 32.29 days Range:0–161 | 13.1 ± 16.4 days Range: 1–88 | 6 days Range: 1–63 |
Pain | NA | 9.5% | 74.3% |
Blurred vision | NA | NA | 94.3% |
Lid swelling | NA | NA | 34.5% |
Injection and/or chemosis | 41.4% | 39.8% | 82.1% |
Corneal edema | 19.1% | 15.6% | NA |
Anterior chamber fibrin reaction or membrane formation | 26.7% | 43.1% | NA |
Anterior chamber cell and/or flare | 99.2% | Cells (97.2%), flare (63.0) | NA |
Hypopyon | 22.7% | 10.6% | 85.7% |
Keratic precipitates | 27.9% | 21.6% | NA |
Anterior vitreous opacities | 21.5% | 23.8% | NA |
Media opacity | NA | NA | 99.5% |
Red reflex present | NA | NA | 32.0% |
Macular edema or other retinal abnormalities | NA | 3.8% | NA |