Table 1 Epidemiologic Characteristics and Ophthalmologic Clinical Presentation of Patients

Number of eyes (n)

38

22

24

20

Age (year), mean ± SD

63.42 ± 7.24

61.77 ± 7.63

61.83 ± 8.62

63.55 ± 6.39

P = 0.739^*

Gender (male/female)

21/17

12/10

12/12

9/11

P = 0.457^#

Years with diabetes (year), mean ± SD

–

5.23 ± 1.31

9.85 ± 2.32

11.68 ± 2.63

P < 0.001^*,†

BMI (kg/m²), mean ± SD

24.38 ± 2.53

26.06 ± 2.53

24.64 ± 3.94

23.77 ± 3.22

P = 0.090^*

HbA1c (%), mean ± SD

–

7.54 ± 0.76

7.96 ± 0.84

8.51 ± 0.96

P = 0.002^*

Fasting blood glucose (mmol/L), mean ± SD

–

7.37 ± 0.73

7.53 ± 0.91

7.85 ± 1.01

P = 0.218^*

Systolic BP (mmHg), mean ± SD

124.76 ± 3.78

122.36 ± 5.49

123.54 ± 4.36

124.75 ± 4.96

P = 0.202^*

Diastolic BP (mmHg), mean ± SD

80.16 ± 5.81

79.64 ± 5.21

78.96 ± 5.38

79.55 ± 4.83

P = 0.865^*

Diabetic nephropathy (n)

0

0

3

5

–

IOP (mmHg), mean ± SD

15.12 ± 1.48

15.14 ± 2.71

15.05 ± 3.23

13.95 ± 4.02

P = 0.434^*

Axial length (mm), mean ± SD

24.10 ± 0.64

23.86 ± 0.67

24.27 ± 0.55

24.01 ± 0.59

P = 0.149^*

Treatment with insulin, n (%)

0

19 (86.3)

23 (95.8)

20 (100)

–