Table 2 Environmental conditions of the study households in rural Wadla district, northern Ethiopia, 2017
Variables | Frequency (n = 499) | Percent (%) |
|---|---|---|
Presence of fly in or around a house (observation) | ||
Present | 242 | 48.5 |
Absent | 257 | 51.5 |
Source of water (self-report) | ||
River | 30 | 6.0 |
Unprotected well | 12 | 2.4 |
Protected well | 56 | 11.2 |
Pipe | 401 | 80.4 |
Amount of water in a litter (self -report) | ||
Less than 20 | 180 | 36.1 |
20–40 | 162 | 32.5 |
40–60 | 92 | 18.4 |
60–80 | 49 | 9.8 |
Greater than 80 | 16 | 3.2 |
Total time taken to reach to water source (self-report) | ||
Less than and equal to 1/2 h. | 459 | 92 |
Greater than 1/2 h. | 40 | 8 |
Place of cooking (observation) | ||
In the same room of living house | 157 | 31.7 |
In the same house but in a kitchen | 166 | 33.3 |
A kitchen constructed against outside wall of the house | 3 | .6 |
Isolated kitchen | 173 | 34.7 |
Presence of window in a kitchen (observation) | ||
Yes | 248 | 49.7 |
No | 251 | 50.3 |
Household waste removal (self-report) | ||
Burn it | 312 | 62.5 |
Bury it | 90 | 18 |
Dispose in the farm | 93 | 18.8 |
Dispose in another place | 4 | .8 |
Presence of latrine (observation) | ||
Present | 371 | 74.3 |
Absent | 128 | 25.7 |
Presence of feces at open field in nearby a house (observation) | ||
Present | 243 | 48.7 |
Absent | 256 | 51.3 |
Presence of cattle in a household (observation) | ||
Present | 439 | 87.9 |
Absent | 60 | 12.1 |
Cattle sheltering (n = 439) (observation) | ||
In the same room where family lives | 128 | 29.1 |
In the same living house but in a separate room | 203 | 46.2 |
Attached shelter against outside of the house | 6 | 1.6 |
Isolated shelter far from the house | 102 | 23.1 |