From: Increased risk of Parkinson’s disease among patients with age-related macular degeneration
Variable | Age-related Macular Degeneration | Crude HR (95% CI) | Adjusted HR (95% CI) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No | Yes | |||||||
Event | PY | IR | Event | PY | IR | |||
Sex | ||||||||
Female | 115 | 28,927 | 3.98 | 191 | 29,623 | 6.45 | 1.62 (1.29–2.04)*** | 1.42 (1.13–1.80)** |
Male | 160 | 28,240 | 5.67 | 242 | 29,385 | 8.24 | 1.45 (1.19–1.78)*** | 1.28 (1.05–1.57)* |
Age, years | ||||||||
50–59 | 9 | 10,684 | 0.84 | 18 | 10,445 | 1.72 | 2.05 (0.92–4.56) | 1.31 (0.57–3.01) |
60–69 | 60 | 18,836 | 3.19 | 100 | 18,814 | 5.32 | 1.67 (1.21–2.30)** | 1.51 (1.09–2.09)* |
70–79 | 148 | 20,681 | 7.16 | 216 | 22,159 | 9.75 | 1.36 (1.10–1.68)** | 1.30 (1.05–1.60)* |
80–100 | 58 | 6967 | 8.32 | 99 | 7589 | 13.0 | 1.57 (1.14–2.17)** | 1.40 (1.01–1.95)* |
Comorbidity | ||||||||
Osteoporosis | 51 | 9755 | 5.23 | 131 | 13,631 | 9.61 | 1.82 (1.32–2.52)*** | 1.68 (1.22–2.33)** |
Diabetes | 109 | 18,056 | 6.04 | 222 | 26,020 | 8.53 | 1.41 (1.12–1.78)** | 1.41 (1.12–1.78)** |
Cirrhosis | 94 | 15,195 | 6.19 | 169 | 22,003 | 7.68 | 1.25 (0.97–1.60) | 1.20 (0.93–1.54) |
Cerebrovascular disease | 92 | 9742 | 9.44 | 159 | 13,324 | 11.93 | 1.27 (0.98–1.64) | 1.25 (0.96–1.62) |
Chronic kidney disease | 18 | 1942 | 9.27 | 27 | 2904 | 9.30 | 1.02 (0.56–1.85) | 0.99 (0.54–1.81) |
Hypertension | 206 | 33,161 | 6.21 | 357 | 40,520 | 8.81 | 1.41 (1.19–1.68)*** | 1.36 (1.15–1.62)*** |
Hyperlipidemia | 86 | 15,963 | 5.39 | 156 | 22,973 | 6.79 | 1.27 (0.97–1.65) | 1.17 (0.90–1.52) |
Coronary artery disease | 23 | 2596 | 8.86 | 36 | 3965 | 9.08 | 1.02 (0.60–1.71) | 1.01 (0.59–1.70) |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 117 | 16,690 | 7.01 | 192 | 22,017 | 8.72 | 1.25 (0.99–1.57) | 1.19 (0.94–1.50) |
Numbers of comorbidity | ||||||||
0 | 28 | 12,790 | 2.19 | 13 | 6184 | 2.10 | 0.95 (0.49–1.84) | 0.95 (0.49–1.85) |
≥ 1 | 247 | 44,378 | 5.57 | 420 | 52,823 | 7.95 | 1.43 (1.22–1.67)* | 1.40 (1.20–1.64)*** |
Medication | ||||||||
Statin | 208 | 44,636 | 4.66 | 332 | 44,596 | 7.44 | 1.60 (1.34–1.90)*** | 1.42 (1.19–1.69)*** |
CCB | 207 | 42,835 | 4.83 | 329 | 44,916 | 7.32 | 1.52 (1.27–1.80)*** | 1.32 (1.11–1.58)** |