Table 4 Multivariable binary logistic regression analysis for predictors of visual impairment among people living with T2DM at Dessie town Hospitals, Northeast Ethiopia, 2020 (n = 322)

Sex

Male

119

56

1

1

Female

82

65

1.68 (1.06, 2.65)

1.29(0.56, 2.96)

Marital status

Unmarried

27

4

1

Married

174

117

4.54(1.54, 13.31)

1.25(0.30, 5.11)

Education

Unable to read and write

32

41

1

1

Primary

52

32

0.48 (0.25, 0.90)

0.92 (0.33 2.50)

Secondary

51

28

0.43 (0.22, 0.82)

1.11 (0.37, 3.29)

Diploma and above

66

20

0.23 (0.12, 0.46)

0.67 (0.20, 2.23)

Occupation

Government worker

52

18

1

1

House wife

26

34

3.77 (1.80, 7.92)

1.54 (0.59, 4.00)

Other

19

21

3.19 (1.40, 7.25)

1.33(0.42, 4.17)

Residence

Urban

166

83

1

Rural

35

38

2.17(1.27, 3.68)

1.85(0.71, 4.80)

Regular-exercise

Good

94

29

1

Poor

107

92

2.78(1.68, 4.59)

2.91(1.47, 5.76)**

Duration of diabetes

≤5 years

154

43

1

> 5–24 years

47

78

28.59(3.68, 221.75)

2.42(1.24, 4.73)**

Treatment

OHA without insulin

140

61

1

Both of OHA and insulin

34

39

2.63(1.52, 4.56)

1.45(0.71, 2.97)

Insulin only

2

20

22.95(5.20, 101.25)

14.05(2.72, 72.35)**

Hypertension

Yes

51

47

1.86(1.15, 3.03)

1.26(0.65, 2.44)

No

150

74

1

Glycemic Control (FPG)

< 152 (good)

94

41

1

≥152 (poor)

107

80

1.71(1.07, 2.73)

2.17(1.13, 4.14)*