Table 3  HRs and 95% CIs for NPDR and potential risk factors in time-dependent model

APAC

0.75

(0.71, 0.79)***

0.78

(0.73, 0.83)***

Age, years

1.01

(1.01, 1.01)***

1.01

(1.01,1 0.02)***

Sex (vs. Male )

1.05

(1.00, 1.11)*

0.95

(0.90, 1.00)

Comorbidity (vs. no)

  Hypertension

1.07

(1.01, 1.13)*

1.17

(1.09, 1.24)***

  Dyslipidemia

0.91

(0.86, 0.96)***

1.06

(0.99, 1.13)

  Diabetic nephropathy

1.19

(1.10, 1.28)***

1.26

(1.17, 1.36)***

  Diabetic neuropathy

1.47

(1.27, 1.71)***

1.56

(1.34, 1.81)***

  Heart disease

0.81

(0.77, 0.86)***

0.77

(0.73, 0.82)***

  Cardiovascular disease

0.65

(0.60, 0.72)***

0.61

(0.56, 0.67)***

  Peripheral arteriolar disease

0.81

(0.74, 0.89)***

0.81

(0.74, 0.90)***

Medication

  Statin

0.75

(0.71, 0.79)***

0.74

(0.70, 0.78)***

  Fibrate

0.91

(0.86, 0.96)***

1.01

(0.95, 1.07)

  ACEI

0.99

(0.94, 1.04)

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