Table 2 Study population demographics and clinical measures at baseline
Virtual reality-based vision therapy, mean ± SD | Office-based vergence/accommodative therapy, mean ± SD | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
Convergence insufficiency | |||
 Sex, M: F | 5:11 | 6:11 | 1.000 |
 Age (year) | 23.63 ± 1.75 | 23.53 ± 2.00 | 0.885 |
 Right eye spherical equivalent, (D) | -3.91 ± 1.97 | -3.60 ± 2.29 | 0.680 |
 Left eye spherical equivalent, (D) | -3.67 ± 1.94 | -2.88 ± 2.41 | 0.310 |
 Phoria at distance (cover test) (△) | -3.75 ± 3.62 | -2.88 ± 2.76 | 0.443 |
 Phoria at near (cover test) (△) | -16.31 ± 3.99 | -15.35 ± 2.83 | 0.430 |
 NPC break (cm) | 6.60 ± 3.63 | 6.00 ± 2.95 | 0.763 |
 Gradient AC/A ratio | 2.44 ± 2.21 | 2.68 ± 2.29 | 0.979 |
 Calculated AC/A ratio | 1.59 ± 1.40 | 1.61 ± 1.16 | 0.609 |
 PFV break at near, (△) | 22.53 ± 6.15 | 23.06 ± 5.18 | 0.828 |
 PFV recovery at near, (△) | 9.03 ± 8.85 | 9.88 ± 7.31 | 0.765 |
 CISS score | 27.69 ± 8.46 | 25.18 ± 9.40 | 0.427 |
Accommodative dysfunction | |||
 Sex, M: F | 7:8 | 5:10 | 0.710 |
 Age (year) | 23.07 ± 1.87 | 23.13 ± 2.03 | 0.926 |
 Right eye spherical equivalent, (D) | -4.37 ± 1.90 | -3.90 ± 2.06 | 0.525 |
 Left eye spherical equivalent, (D) | -4.03 ± 1.83 | -3.43 ± 2.40 | 0.447 |
 NRA, (D) | 2.38 ± 0.40 | 2.47 ± 0.25 | 0.583 |
 PRA, (D) | -2.90 ± 1.75 | -2.59 ± 0.65 | 0.644 |
 BCC, (D) | 0.06 ± 1.06 | 0.34 ± 1.02 | 0.596 |
 Monocular accommodative amplitude, (D) | 10.94 ± 3.76 | 10.41 ± 2.66 | 0.750 |
 Monocular accommodative facility, (cpm) | 6.31 ± 2.56 | 4.94 ± 4.44 | 0.461 |