Table 1 Review of the literature of “intramuscular haemangiomas” in extraocular muscles
Year | Author | Patient’s age | Extraocular muscle involved | Clinical features | Histopathologic type | Treatment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2002 | Christensen | 21 yrs | MR, LR, IR, SO | Painless, slowly progressive, non-compressible retrobulbar lesion, no hyperemia | Mixed | Enucleation |
2003 | Kiratli | 3 yrs | LR | Painless, slowly progressive upper eyelid swelling, no hyperemia | Capillary | Systemic steroids |
2003 | Kiratli | 40 yrs | MR | Painless slowly progressive proptosis, eyelid oedema, conjunctival chemosis and dilated episcleral vessels | Mixed | Systemic steroids |
2006 | Kim | 63 yrs | SR | Painless slowly progressive proptosis, upper and lower eyelids oedema, hypertropia, no erythema or chemosis | Cavernous | Strabismus surgery and systemic steroids |
2009 | Lee | 31 yrs | MR | Painless slowly progressive proptosis, optic nerve oedema | Cavernous | Excision with posterior decompression |
2014 | Charles | 25 yrs | IO | Painless lower eyelid mobile, non-tender mass, hyperglobus | Capillary | Observation |
2017 | Mehta | 11 yrs | MR | Painless slowly progressive irregular bluish mass on medial rectus muscle, limited extraocular movements on supraduction, infraduction and adduction | Cavernous | Excision |
2019 | Gade | 61 yrs | MR | Painless slowly progressive proptosis, diplopia, afferent pupillary defect, decrease vision | Mixed | Excision with posterior decompression |
2020 | Tabuenca | IR | Cavernous | Fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy | ||
2021 | Bentham | 26 yrs | MR | Painless slowly progressive proptosis, hypoglobus, limited upgaze and abduction, lower lid retraction | Observation | |
2021 | Our case | 6 yrs | SR | Upper lid swelling, proptosis with restricted extra ocular movement in all gazes | Capillary | Intra-lesional steroid |