Table 2 Studies measuring vitreous and serum biomarker levels in DR patients compared to controls

Pro-inflammatory

VEGF

[40, 58]

[48, 51, 53]

[40, 45, 49]

IL-1β

[43, 58]

[41, 48]

[49] [54]

IL-18

[43]

[47]

TNF-α

[42, 58]

[40]

[41, 42, 46, 48, 51, 59] [54]

[40, 49]

ET-1

[58]

IL-6

[40, 42, 58]

[40,41,42, 44, 48, 49, 54, 59]

IL-4

[40]

[40, 49] [54]

IL-2

[40]

[40, 49]

IFN-γ

[40]

[41]

[40, 49]

IL-2R

[46]

sIL-6R

[44]

sgp130

[44]

NO

[46]

IL-17A

[54, 54]

IL-1α

[49]

MIP-1α

[53]

CRP

[51, 59]

IL-12

[41, 47]

[54]

Anti-inflammatory

BNDF

[40]

[40]

LXA4

[40]

[40]

IL-10

[40]

[58]

[41]

[40, 49]

PEDF

[40]

[52]

[40]

IL-22

[55]

IL-27

[57]

[57]

IL-35

[57]

[57]

Chemotactic

VCAM-1

[42]

[39, 42]

ICAM-1

[42]

[42]

MCP-1/ CCL2

[58]

[50, 53]

[41, 49]

IL-8

[58]

[41, 46, 49]

[53, 54]

sE-selectin

[39]

IP-10

[47]

Cell growth

IGF-1

[45]

EGF

[49, 53]