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Table 1 Comparison of the sociodemographic and baseline characteristics of study population

From: Relationship between serum and tear levels of tissue plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in diabetic retinopathy

Variables

T2DM patients

Total subjects

n = 55 (%)

DR

n = 26 (%)

No DR

n = 29 (%)

p value

Age, (Years, mean ± SD),

52.37 ± 10.80

52.16 ± 8.54

52.55 ± 12.63

0.894

Ethicity

Malay, n (%)

Non-malay, n (%)

43 (78.2)

12 (21.8)

21 (80.8)

5 (19.2)

22 (75.9)

7 (24.1)

0.660

Gender

Male n (%)

Female n (%)

23 (41.8)

32 (58.2)

9 (34.6)

17 (65.4)

14 (48.3)

15 (51.7)

0.305

DM durations, (Years, median (IQR))

11.00 (8)

14.50 (10)*

9.00 (6)

0.017

Smoking history:

Smoked, n (%)

Never smoked, n (%)

8 (14.5)

47 (85.5)

2 (7.7)

24 (92.3)

6 (20.7)

23 (79.3)

0.257

Family history of DM:

Yes, n (%)

No, n (%)

53 (96.4)

2 (3.6)

25 (96.2)

1 (3.8)

28 (96.6)

1 (3.4)

1.000

Hypertension

Yes, n (%)

No, n (%)

36 (65.5)

19 (34.5)

18 (69.2)

8 (30.8)

18 (62.1)

11 (37.9)

0.577

BMI (Kg/m2, mean ± SD)

30.69 ± 5.65

30.70 ± 5.87

30.68 ± 5.55

0.987

Asian BMI, n (%)

 ≤ 22.9 (non-obese)

23.0 – 27.4 (pre-obese/overweight)

 ≥ 27.5 (obese)

4 (7.3)

15 (27.3)

36 (65.5)

3 (11.5)

5 (19.2)

18 (69.2)

1 (3.4)

10 (34.5)

18 (62.1)

0.302

SBP, median (IQR), mmHg

140.00 (20.00)

145.00 (14.06)*

132.00 (23.00)

0.022

DBP, (mean ± SD), mmHg

76.84 ± 7.77

74.96 ± 9.03

78.52 ± 6.11

0.098

Hba1c (%), median (IQR)

7.80 (1.8)

8.20 (2.5)

7.40 (1.8)

0.104

UACR, median (IQR), mg/mmol

2.20 (10.7)

1.90 (6.3)

5.30 (13.9)

0.100

UACR Level (mg/mmol), n (%)

 < 3

3–29

 ≥ 30

30 (54.5)

20 (36.4)

5 (9.1)

12 (40.0)

11 (55.0)

3 (60.0)

18 (62.1)

9 (31.0)

2 (6.9)

0.558

FBS, median (IQR), mmol/L

6.90 (3.1)

6.60 (4.0)

7.40 (3.1)

0.886

Creatinine, mean ± SD,µmol/L

72.93 ± 16.51

71.70 ± 13.76

74.03 ± 18.80

0.606

Uric acid, median (IQR),µmol/L

326.00 (123.00)

318.00 (122.50)

335.00 (150.00)

0.886

Total cholesterol, median (IQR), mmol/L

3.90 (1.4)

3.85 (1.3)

4.00 (1.9)

0.933

Triglycerides, median (IQR), mmol/L

1.50 (0.6)

1.50 (1.0)

1.50 (0.4)

0.483

HDL-cholesterol, median (IQR), mmol/L

1.20 (2.8)

1.30 (0.4)

1.10 (0.6)

0.728

LDL-cholesterol, median (IQR), mmol/L

2.00 (0.6)

1.95 (0.9)

2.00 (1.4)

0.755

CRP,median (IQR), mg/L

1.80 (3.6)

1.85 (4.1)

1.80 (3.7)

0.787

eGFR, mean ± SD, ml/min/1.73 m2

91.41 ± 18.18

91.12 ± 16.63

91.68 ± 19.75

0.910

  1. Non-parametric data are presented as median (interquartile range) and parametric data as mean ± SD. P-values are results of Mann–Whitney test for continuous data and Fisher's exact test for categorical data.. P-values are results of Mann–Whitney test for continuous data for between the groups, and Fisher's exact test for categorical data. BMI Body mass index, DBP Diastolic blood pressure, HbA1c Hemoglobin A1c, FBS Fasting blood sugar, SBP Systolic blood pressure, UACR Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio, HDL-C High-density lipoprotein, LDL-C Low-density lipoprotein, CRP C-reactive protein, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate. P value < 0.05 is considered significant. NS Not significant
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BMC Ophthalmology

ISSN: 1471-2415

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