Table 1 Systemic and blood parameters before and after drinking coffee or water (n = 27)

Baseline

P-caffeine (µg/mL)

-

-

Blood glucose (mmol/L)

4.81 ± 0.46

5.15 ± 0.43

Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg)

114.18 ± 11.33

118.00 ± 14.32

Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg)

69.36 ± 6.82

73.75 ± 8.07

Heart rate (bpm)

74.77 ± 12.43

72.88 ± 2.85

Intraocular pressure (mmHg)

14.5 ± 1.7

14.6 ± 2.1

After drinking

P-caffeine (µg/mL)

0.5 h

3.09 ± 1.64

-

2 h

5.05 ± 1.36

-

Blood glucose (mmol/L)

0.5 h

5.35 ± 0.42

5.25 ± 0.39

2 h

6.09 ± 0.39

4.98 ± 0.27

Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg)

0.5 h

118.68 ± 12.73

118.75 ± 12.00

2 h

120.18 ± 15.31^*

117.75 ± 13.12

Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg)

0.5 h

70.77 ± 8.35

73.88 ± 5.25

2 h

74.59 ± 11.45^*

74.00 ± 8.54

Heart rate (bpm)

0.5 h

72.05 ± 12.82

68.63 ± 6.28

2 h

74.55 ± 18.58

69.38 ± 3.46

Intraocular pressure (mmHg)

0.5 h

15.1 ± 1.5

15.1 ± 1.9

2 h

14.7 ± 2.4

15.8 ± 2.0