Table 3 Factors associated with diabetic retinopathy among type two diabetic patients attending diabetic clinic at Northwest Amhara comprehensive specialized Hospitals, 2021(n = 496)

Sex

 Male

135

113

1.90(1.08, 3.49)

3.25(1.80, 6.69)

 Female

97

151

1

1

Educational Level

 No education

22

53

7.14(3.18, 16.02)

4.23(1.09, 16.47)

 Primary education

28

69

6.98(3.22, 15.14)

6.20(0.83, 21.09)

 Secondary education

16

126

2.18(0.96, 4.97)

2.52(0.71, 8.89)

 Diploma and above

10

172

1

1

Occupation

 Student

5

16

0.31(0.10, 0.97)

1.11(0.14, 9.08)

 Self-employee

14

145

0.11(0.03, 0.38)

1.51(0.24, 9.40)

 Employee

6

182

3.10(1.01, 9.49)

2.21(0.34, 5.42)

 Unemployed

31

32

1.72(0.52, 5.70)

0.80(0.17, 1.35)

 House-wife

14

26

1.01(0.26, 3.94)

0.03(0.44, 2.16)

 Other

6

19

1

1

Income

 < 1000

50

79

3.17(1.23, 8.15)

1.03(0.36, 2.51)

 1000–3000

14

234

0.30(0.11, 0.84)

0.06(0.07, 4.08)

 3001–5000

6

77

0.39(0.12, 1.30)

0.21(0.03, 1.06)

 > 5000

6

30

1

1

HbA1C

 ≥ 7

19

234

0.27(0.107, 0.60)

0.099(0.02, 0.49)

 < 7

57

186

1

1

Hypertension

 Yes

65

262

3.56(1.07, 5.59)

2.56(1.01, 6.45)

 No

11

158

1

1

BMI

 18.5–24.9 kg/m²

42

373

1

1

 25 – 30 kg/m²

20

34

0.48(0.22, 1.05)

1.10(0.10, 2.42)

  > 30 kg/m²

14

13

1.12(1.28, 4.23)

1.01(0.11, 6.87)

Number of visit

 Every 1 month

13

19

0.30(0.14, 0.67)

0.027(0.003, 0.253)

 Every 3 month

22

302

0.71(0.37, 1.36)

0.640(0.125, 3.32)

 Every 6 month

41

99

1

1