Fig. 1

Proteomic analysis of the differential proteins. (a) Hierarchical clustering analysis. D1, D2, and D3 are the diabetes-related cataracts group; ND1, ND2, and ND3 are the common cataracts group. Red represents high abundance while blue represents low abundance. The quantitative information was normalized to the (-1,1) interval. (b) Volcano plot analysis. The horizontal blue dotted line represents -log₁₀0.05 while the vertical blue dotted lines represent ± log₂1.2. The green downward triangles indicate the downregulated differential proteins while the red upward triangles indicate the upregulated differential proteins. (c) GO enrichment analysis. The Y-axis represents the number of differential proteins contained in the corresponding category. (d) GO pathway enrichment analysis. The dots in the figure represent the indicated signalling pathways. The size of the dots represents the number of differential proteins contained in the pathway. The colour of the dots represents the p value of the pathways, with red indicating a low p value and blue indicating a high p value. The horizontal position of the dots represents the pathway enrichment scores. (e) Protein interaction network analysis. The MCC (maximal clique centrality) algorithm was used to derive the score for each pivotal protein through the cytohubba plug-in of Cytoscape. The larger the score, the greater the weight of the node protein on the whole network. (f) Differential proteins associated with retinal degeneration. (g) Differential proteins associated with diabetic complications