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Table 4 Multivariate logistic analysis of the risk factors for presence of RA and CA

From: Refractive and corneal astigmatism in Chinese 4–15 years old children: prevalence and risk factors

Factors

RA

 

CA

P value

OR

95% CI

 

P value

OR

95% CI

Mean corneal curvature (D)

< 0.001

1.24

1.188–1.295

 

< 0.001

1.286

1.239 − 1.334

Learning stages

       

 kindergarten

Reference

   

Reference

  

 Primary school

0.204

0.893

0.751–1.063

 

0.885

0.99

0.861 − 1.138

 Junior high school

< 0.001

1.973

1.579–2.464

 

< 0.001

1.828

1.493 − 2.238

Spherical power (D)

0.021

0.956

0.921–0.993

 

0.744

1.006

0.971 − 1.042

Gender

       

 Boy

Reference

   

Reference

  

 Girl

< 0.001

0.698

0.617–0.790

 

0.283

1.059

0.954 − 1.177

Homework time on weekdays (hour/day)

0.029

1.074

1.007–1.145

 

0.06

1.062

0.997 − 1.130

Outdoor activity time on weekends (hour/day)

0.013

0.929

0.877–0.984

 

0.444

0.983

0.940 − 1.027

Watching TV within two meters

       

 Almost none

Reference

   

Reference

  

 Sometimes

0.126

1.103

0.973–1.250

 

0.427

1.044

0.938 − 1.162

 Often

0.06

1.254

0.991–1.586

 

0.712

1.041

0.843 − 1.285

Homework time on weekends (hour/day)

0.666

1.01

0.967–1.054

 

0.808

0.995

0.955 − 1.037

Outdoor activity time on weekdays (hour/day)

0.971

1.002

0.904–1.111

 

0.815

1.01

0.926 − 1.103

Continuous near work for more than 30–40 min

       

 Almost none

Reference

   

Reference

 

-

 Sometimes

0.569

1.048

0.892–1.231

 

0.708

0.973

0.844 − 1.122

 Often

0.235

0.892

0.74–1.077

 

0.448

0.94

0.803 − 1.102

Birth weight(g)

0.841

1

1.000–1.000

 

0.398

1

1.000 − 1.000

Preterm birth

       

 No

Reference

   

Reference

  

 Yes

0.642

1.066

0.814–1.396

 

0.77

1.037

0.813 − 1.322

Paternal myopia

       

 No

Reference

   

Reference

  

 Yes

0.05

1.137

1.000–1.293

 

0.62

0.973

0.872 − 1.085

Maternal myopia

       

 No

Reference

   

Reference

  

 Yes

0.271

1.076

0.945–1.225

 

0.566

1.033

0.925 − 1.154

  1. RA, refractive astigmatism; CA, corneal astigmatism