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Table 1 Population characteristics of study participants

From: Utilizing visual symptoms to distinguish dry eye from glaucoma, cataract, and suspect glaucoma patients: a cross-sectional study

Demographics

All Patients (n = 353)

Dry Eye (n = 96)

Glaucoma Suspects (n = 94)

Glaucoma (n = 79)

Cataract (n = 84)

P Value

Age (years), mean (SD)

64.1 (14.7)

55.2 (14.4)

61.0 (15.2)

69.0 (12.2)

73.2 (8.7)

0.001

Female, n (%)

235 (66.6)

88 (91.7)

61 (64.9)

39 (49.4)

47 (56.0)

 < 0.001

Employed, n (%)a

152 (43.1)

52 (54.2)

49 (55.1)

24 (34.3)

27 (32.1)

0.001

Race, n (%)

     

 < 0.001

    White

241 (68.3)

72 (75.0)

52 (55.3)

42 (53.2)

75 (89.3)

 

    African American

68 (19.3)

13 (13.5)

25 (26.6)

27 (34.2)

3 (3.6)

 

    Asian or Pacific Islander

28 (7.9)

9 (9.4)

12 (12.8)

6 (7.6)

1 (1.2)

 

    Other

16 (4.5)

2 (2.1)

5 (5.3)

4 (5.1)

5 (6.0)

 

Education, n (%)

     

0.008

    Less than high school

10 (2.8)

0 (0)

2 (2.1)

6 (7.6)

2 (2.4)

 

    High school

37 (10.5)

7 (7.3)

8 (8.5)

12 (15.2)

10 (11.9)

 

    Some college

68 (19.3)

12 (12.5)

25 (26.6)

16 (20.3)

15 (17.9)

 

    Bachelor's degree

76 (21.5)

31 (32.3)

17 (18.1)

15 (19.0)

13 (15.5)

 

    More than Bachelor's

162 (45.9)

46 (47.9)

42 (44.7)

30 (38.0)

44 (52.4)

 

VA (logMAR), median (IQR)

    Better eye

0 (0–0.18)

0 (0–0)

0 (0–0)

0.10 (0–0.30)

0.30 (0.18–0.40)

 < 0.001

    Worse eye

0.18 (0.10–0.40)

0 (0–0.097)

0.10 (0–0.18)

0.30 (0.18–0.60)

0.48 (0.35–0.75)

 < 0.001

    Prescription eye drops, median (IQR)

1 (0–2)

1 (1–2)

0 (0–1)

2 (1–3)

0 (0–0)

 < 0.001

    Taking prescription glaucoma eye drops, n (%)b

93 (26.3)

1 (1.0)

22 (23.4)

70 (88.6)

0 (0)

 < 0.001

    Taking prescription dry eye drops, n (%)c

94 (26.6)

85 (88.5)

3 (3.2)

2 (2.5)

4 (4.8)

 < 0.001

  1. SD standard deviation, IQR interquartile range, logMAR logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution
  2. a14 patients were missing employment status, therefore proportions of employed patients for all patients, glaucoma, and glaucoma suspects were calculated out of 339, 70, and 89, respectively
  3. bGlaucoma eye drop medications include: Latanoprost, Dorzolamide, Timolol, Brimonidine, Travoprost, Carteolol, Cosopt, Bimatoprost, Brinzolamide, Netasudil
  4. cDry eye topical treatments include: Cyclosporine (Restasis, Cequa), Xiidra, autologous serum eye drops (Vital Tears, NovaTears), Loteprednol (Lotemax)