Table 1 Description of the studies included in the systematic review (n = 13)
Authors (year) | Country | Aim | Design | Comparison (Control) group | Sample and study population | Data collection | Method of analysis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kocaçal 2021 [16] | Turkey | To compare the effect of carbomer eye drops when used alone and in combination with polyethylene covers in the healing of exposure keratopathy | RCT | The control group received only carbomer, eye drops while the intervention group received both carbomer eye drops and polyethylene covers | 24 patients | fluorescein stain test | Chi-square test, Friedman Test, Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test, and Mann-Whitney U Test |
SO, 2008 [25] | China | Comparing the effectiveness of polyethylene covers (GladwrapTM) with lanolin (Duratears1) eye ointment in the prevention of corneal abrasions in critically ill patients | RCT | The control group received lanolin eye ointment while the intervention group received polyethylene covers | 116 patients | fluorescein stain test | Fisher’s exact test, Kaplan-Meier analysis |
Güler 2010 [3] | Turkey | Comparing polyethylene covers and carbomer eye drops for critically ill patients | RCT | One eye of the patient was randomly covered with a polyethylene cover every 12 h, and carbomer drops were instilled in the other eye every six hours | 18 patients | Schirmer and fluorescein tests | The Wilcoxon signed-rank test Mann–Whitney U test Chi-square test, Spearman Correlation |
Sorce 2009 [27] | Chicago | To determine whether a moisture chamber over the eye is more effective in preventing corneal abrasions compared with standard therapy | RCT | The experimental group received the instillation of a ribbon of lubricating petrolatum white and ophthalmologic ointment and maintenance of a small piece of plastic film over the eye. The control received the standard of care in the units | 207 Patients | fluorescein stain | Fisher’s exact test, Wilcoxon’s, and McNemar’s test |
Ahmadinejad 2020 [30] | Iran | To compare three eye care methods to prevent OSD In ICU patients | RCT | Three groups using the six-person blocks. In the first block, 2 patients received polyethylene cover and eyelid taping; in the second block, 2 patients received polyethylene cover and simple eye ointment; and in the third block, 2 patients received eyelid taping and simple eye ointment | 152 Patient | slit lamp with fluorescein staining | ANOVA and chi-square tests Logistic regression and zero-inflated Poisson regression |
Koroloff 2004 [24] | Australia | compare the efficacy of two forms of eye care (hypromellose and Lacri-Lube combination vs. polyethylene/Cling wrap covers) for ICU patients | RCT | group one (n = 60) received a treatment combining hypromellose drops and LacriLube (HL) Group two (n = 50) had polyethylene covers only placed over the eye | 110 patients | fluorescein stains and mobile slit lamp | Chi-square. T- Test, Mann-Whitney U, and Fisher’s exact tests |
Khatiban 2021 [7] | Iran | To compare the use of polyethylene eye covers and artificial teardrops versus normal saline on the incidence and severity of OSD in comatose patients | RCT | group A, patients received artificial teardrops for left and normal saline for right eyes, in group B polyethylene covers for left and normal saline for right eyes, and in group C polyethylene covers for left and artificial teardrops for right eyes | 90 patients | Fluorescein Staining Pattern | Chi-Square One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) McNemar’s test the Kruskal–Wallis’s test |
Kalhori 2016 [8] | Iran | compare the effect of three eye care techniques in the prevention of keratopathy | RCT | polyethylene cover, liposic ointment, and artificial tear drop randomly on one eye of each sample and a comparison was made with the opposite eye as the control | 96 patients | Fluorescein Staining and portable slit lamp | chi-squared test, Fisher’s exact test, ANOVA, and Kruskal–Wallis one-way analysis of variance |
Nikseresht 2019 [28] | Iran | To compare the effectiveness of polyethylene cover versus polyethylene cover with artificial tear drop to prevent dry eye in critically ill patients | RCT | one eye was randomly selected as a control eye and the other was considered as an intervention eye | 104 patients | Schirmer and fluorescein tests | Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, independent t-test, Friedman test, Fischer’s exact test and Mann–Whitney U-test) |
Shan 2010 [29] | China | To compare the efficacy for preventing exposure keratopathy of three forms of eye care (artificial tear, moist chamber, and polyethylene covers) for ICU patients | RCT | Three treatment groups, including artificial tears group, moist chambers group, and polyethylene film group | 84 patients | fluorescein stains | One-way analysis of variance, Tukey’s tests, and Chi-square test |
Babamohamadi 2018 [31] | Iran | determine the effectiveness of vitamin A eye ointment (VAEO) and moist chamber (MC) in preventing OSD in ICU patients | RCT | patients were randomly administered VAEO in one eye every and a polyethylene cover (PC) was placed on their other eye | 38 patients | Fluorescein stain examination and Schirmer’s tests | Wilcoxon, McNemar, and Spearman tests |
Al-Ribh 2012 [26] | Saudi Arabia | Comparing the effectiveness of polyethylene covers with Viscotears gel in the prevention of corneal abrasions in critically ill patients | RCT | All participants randomly receive polyethylene covers in one eye and viscotears gel in the other eye | 40 patients | fluorescein stain test | Mann-Whitney test and Fisher’s exact tests, McNemar’s test |
Nikseresht 2021 [14] | Iran | Comparing the Effect of Three Eye Care Methods on the Severity of Lagophthalmos in ICU Patients | RCT | The control eye received routine interventions in one eye. Experimental group “polyethylene cover,” polyethylene cover plus artificial tear drops,” and “polyethylene cover plus Lubratex eye ointment.” In another eye | 156 patients | lagophthalmos intensity checklist, fluorescein stain strips | ANOVA, Friedman test, Wilcoxon test, Kruskal–Wallis test |