Table 2 Agreement in non-cycloplegic and cycloplegic spherical equivalent refraction among devices according to refractive status

Total

(n = 82)

Non-cycloplegic SE [D]

2WIN

− 1.18 ± 2.41

0.06 ± 0.42

− 0.76 to 0.88

0.95 (< 0.0001)

0.89

ARK-1

−1.24 ± 2.94

Cycloplegic SE [D]

2WIN

−1.13 ± 2.19

− 0.37 ± 0.41

−1.17 to 0.43

0.94 (< 0.0001)

0.57

ARK-1

− 0.76 ± 3.03

Cycloplegic shift in SE [D]

2WIN

0.05 ± 0.79

−0.43 ± 0.11

− 0.65 to 0.22

0.26 (0.0164)

0.20

ARK-1

0.48 ± 0.53

Emmetropes

(n = 15)

Non-cycloplegic SE [D]

2WIN

−0.37 ± 0.52

−0.06 ± 0.23

0.51 to 0.39

0.57 (<0.0001)

0.03

ARK-1

−0.31 ± 0.73

Cycloplegic SE [D]

2WIN

−0.18 ± 0.50

−0.45 ± 0.17

− 0.78 to − 0.12

0.30 (< 0.0001)

< 0.01

ARK-1

0.27 ± 0.43

Cycloplegic shift in SE [D]

2WIN

0.19 ± 0.64

−0.39 ± 0.26

− 0.90 to 0.12

0.53 (<0.0001)

0.04

ARK-1

0.58 ± 0.77

Hyperopes

(n = 23)

Non-cycloplegic SE [D]

2WIN

1.47 ± 1.42

−0.82 ± 0.44

−1.68 to 0.04

0.66 (<0.0001)

<0.01

ARK-1

2.29 ± 1.55

Cycloplegic SE [D]

2WIN

1.22 ± 1.29

−1.64 ± 0.47

−2.56 to −0.72

0.69 (<0.0001)

<0.01

ARK-1

2.86 ± 1.71

Cycloplegic shift in SE [D]

2WIN

−0.16 ± 1.44

−0.74 ± 0.32

−1.37 to − 0.11

0.32 (<0.0001)

0.13

ARK-1

0.58 ± 0.54

Myopes

(n = 44)

Non-cycloplegic SE [D]

2WIN

−2.80 ± 1.77

0.60 ± 0.38

−0.14 to 1.34

0.94 (<0.0001)

<0.01

ARK-1

−3.40 ± 1.77

Cycloplegic SE [D]

2WIN

−2.63 ± 1.67

0.37 ± 0.37

−0.36 to 1.10

0.94 (<0.0001)

<0.01

ARK-1

−3.00 ± 1.80

Cycloplegic shift in SE [D]

2WIN

0.17 ± 0.55

− 0.23 ± 0.11

− 0.44 to 0.02

0.16 (<0.0001)

0.31

ARK-1

0.40 ± 0.43