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  1. Insulin positively correlates with the length of the eye axis and is increased in the vitreous and serum of patients with pathological myopia (PM). How insulin influences the physiological process of retinal p...

    Authors: Yunqin Li, Junliang Jiang, Jin Yang, Libo Xiao, Qiyun Hua and Yue Zou
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:218
  2. The refractive surgeries induce corneal higher order aberrations (C-HOAs). In this study, change of C-HOAs after small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) compared to femtosecond assisted laser in situ kerat...

    Authors: Mohammad Miraftab, Hassan Hashemi, Mohammadreza Aghamirsalim, Shiva Fayyaz and Soheila Asgari
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:216
  3. The COVID-19 Pandemic has a great impact on hospitals and patients. The 14-day quarantine caused surgery of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) postponed. We aimed to explore the risk factors of RRD progre...

    Authors: Meng Zhao, Jipeng Li, Haicheng She and Ningpu Liu
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:215
  4. Mucopolysaccharidosis type VI (MPS VI) is a rare autosomal recessive inherited disease caused by mutations in the arylsulfatase B (ARSB) gene. MPS VI is a multisystemic disease resulting from a deficiency in aryl...

    Authors: Ming-Fang He, Ji Yang, Meng-Jie Dong, Yin-Ting Wang and Hai Liu
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:214
  5. Trachomatous scarring (TS) results from repeated infection with the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. Pronounced scarring is an underlying cause of trachomatous trichiasis (TT) that can lead to blindness. Since th...

    Authors: Tigist Astale, Caleb D. Ebert, Andrew W. Nute, Mulat Zerihun, Demelash Gessese, Berhanu Melak, Eshetu Sata, Zebene Ayele, Gedefaw Ayenew, E. Kelly Callahan, Mahteme Haile, Taye Zeru, Zerihun Tadesse and Scott D. Nash
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:213
  6. Ectopia lentis is the common ocular manifestation of homocystinuria resulting from cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) deficiency which has a high risk of thromboembolic complications.

    Authors: Ning Hua, Yuxian Ning, Hui Zheng, Ledong Zhao, Xuehan Qian, Charles Wormington and Jingyun Wang
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:212
  7. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vivo confocal microscopic morphology of corneal subbasal nerves and its relationship with clinical parameters in patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome in China.

    Authors: Fangting Li, Qin Zhang, Xin Ying, Jing He, Yuebo Jin, Huiwen Xu, Yaobin Cheng and Mingwei Zhao
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:211
  8. One of the major side effects of Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is retinopathy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) parameters in a group of patients who have Hy...

    Authors: Mohammadreza Akhlaghi, Farzan Kianersi, Hamed Radmehr, Alireza Dehghani, Afsaneh Naderi Beni and Pegah Noorshargh
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:209
  9. A reliable and effective method is required to deliver agent that can aid the in vivo imaging of retinal vessels. The aim of the present study was to evaluate retro-orbital (RO) injection of fluorescein-labele...

    Authors: Jizhu Li, Yuqing Wu, Bingqian Liu, Ying Huang, Qingxiu Wu, Haichun Li, Sainan Xiao, Ying Lin and Tao Li
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:208
  10. This study described the clinical features of patients with pterygium and analyzed the recurrence rate of conjunctival autografting alone, conjunctival autografting combined with intraoperative mitomycin C, an...

    Authors: Waleed Alsarhani, Saeed Alshahrani, Mahmood Showail, Nawaf Alhabdan, Osama Alsumari, Abdullah Almalki, Abdulaziz Alsarhani, Adel Alluhaidan and Bader Alqahtani
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:207
  11. COVID-19, a highly contagious respiratory virus, presents unique challenges to ophthalmology practice as a high-volume, office-based specialty. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, many operational changes we...

    Authors: Karan Sethi, Emily S. Levine, Shiyoung Roh, Jeffrey L. Marx and David J. Ramsey
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:206
  12. Berger’s IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common primary glomerulonephritis. However, some rare cases of retinal manifestations have been described, with only two cases of retinal vasculopathy reported in th...

    Authors: Khaled El Matri, Francesca Amoroso, Olivia Zambrowski, Alexandra Miere and Eric H. Souied
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:204
  13. The aim of this study is to analyze and compare the clinical results of toric intraocular lens (IOL) and monofocal IOL implantation when the target refraction value is -3 diopter (D) in cataract patients with ...

    Authors: Da Young Shin, Ho Sik Hwang, Hyun Seung Kim, Man Soo Kim and Eun Chul Kim
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:203
  14. Numerous cases with ocular toxicity secondary to tamoxifen have been reported, and became more apparent with keratopathy, cataract, optic neuritis, macular holes, crystalline retinopathy with or without cystoi...

    Authors: Chuanyu Li, Jun Xiao, He Zou, Bo Yang and Lifu Luo
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:201
  15. During panretinal photocoagulation (PRP), the outer retina, especially the photoreceptors, are destroyed. During such procedures, the impact of the retinal photocoagulation, which is performed in the same phot...

    Authors: Kentaro Nishida, Shizuka Takahashi, Hirokazu Sakaguchi, Shigeru Sato, Masanori Kanai, Akihiko Shiraki, Taku Wakabayashi, Chikako Hara, Yoko Fukushima, Susumu Sakimoto, Kaori Sayanagi, Ryo Kawasaki and Kohji Nishida
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:200
  16. To describe the very early vault changes in the first month after Implantable Collamer Lens (ICL) implantation and to evaluate the effect of preoperative biometric factors on vault.

    Authors: Qiu-Jian Zhu, Wen-Jing Chen, Wei-Jian Zhu, Hai-Xiang Xiao, Man-Hui Zhu, Lie Ma, You Yuan and E. Song
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:199
  17. To compare parsplana vitrectomy (PPV) with and without phacoemulsification to treat rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD).

    Authors: Paolo Mora, Stefania Favilla, Giacomo Calzetti, Giulia Berselli, Lucia Benatti, Arturo Carta, Stefano Gandolfi and Salvatore A. Tedesco
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:196
  18. Sympathetic ophthalmia (SO) is a bilateral diffuse uveitis that can arise after ocular trauma or ocular surgery in the inciting eye. Pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) is one of the risk factors for SO. Several repor...

    Authors: Yasuyuki Takai, Yoshihito Sakanishi, Masahiro Okamoto and Nobuyuki Ebihara
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:195
  19. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) has been known to cause unilateral corneal endotheliitis with keratic precipitates and localized corneal edema, iridocyclitis, and secondary glaucoma. CMV endotheliitis is diagnosed based...

    Authors: Suguru Nakagawa, Hitoha Ishii, Mitsuko Takamoto, Toshikatsu Kaburaki, Kiyoshi Ishii and Takashi Miyai
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:194
  20. The purpose of this study is to investigate the aqueous humor (AH) T lymphocyte subsets and cytokines of acute retinal necrosis (ARN) to elucidate the immunologic inflammatory features of this disorder.

    Authors: Hao Kang, Yunbo Wei, Ming Liu, Di Yu and Yong Tao
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:193
  21. To investigate alterations in retinal microvasculature in eyes with preclinical diabetic retinopathy (DR) using ultra-wide field swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (UWF SS OCTA).

    Authors: Jingyuan Yang, Bilei Zhang, Erqian Wang, Song Xia and Youxin Chen
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:192
  22. Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is the most common inherited retinal dystrophy, affecting approximately 1 in 4000 individuals worldwide. The most common form of syndromic RP is Usher syndrome (USH) accounting for ap...

    Authors: Asif Naveed Ahmed, Raheel Tahir, Niamat Khan, Mushtaq Ahmad, Muhammad Dawood, Abdul Basit, Muhammad Yasin, Maha Nowshid, Muhammad Marwan, Komal Sultan and Shamim Saleha
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:191
  23. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the influence of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the appearance or progression of epiretinal membranes (ERMs) in age-related macular degeneration (ARM...

    Authors: Hikari Taniguchi, Izumi Yoshida, Masashi Sakamoto and Takatoshi Maeno
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:190
  24. Ocular damage, including damage to the conjunctiva, lacrimal gland, eyelids, and orbit, caused by Schistosoma haematobium is sporadic. We report a clinical case of orbital migration of schistosome eggs.

    Authors: Nouhoum Guirou, Serge Resnikoff, Abba Kaka Hadja Yakoura, Michel Gouda, Seydou Bakayoko, Abdoulaye Napo, Rodrigue Romulad Elien, Robert Della Rocca, Fatoumata Sylla and Lamine Traoré
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:189
  25. We aimed to compare the outcomes of trabeculectomy combined with phacoemulsification and those of trabeculectomy followed by phacoemulsification.

    Authors: Shogo Arimura, Kentaro Iwasaki, Yusuke Orii, Yoshihiro Takamura and Masaru Inatani
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:188
  26. To introduce a treatment option: dacryoendoscopy-assisted incision of Hasner’s valve under nasoendoscopy and assess its efficacy in treating membranous congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO) in child...

    Authors: Yue Li, Min Wei, Xueru Liu, Leilei Zhang, Xuefei Song and Caiwen Xiao
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:182
  27. To compare early clinical outcomes of single-step transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy (tPRK) and photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) regarding refractive outcome, visual acuity, wound healing, pain inten...

    Authors: Harald C. Gaeckle
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:181
  28. Remnant interface fluid following Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) is associated with postoperative detachments. The aim of this study was to assess outcomes of intraoperative opti...

    Authors: Michael Mimouni, Martin Kronschläger, Manuel Ruiss and Oliver Findl
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:180
  29. This study aimed to assess visual outcomes, quality of vision and patients’ satisfaction of a trifocal diffractive intraocular lens after cataract surgery with phacoemulsification.

    Authors: Ahmed A. Zein El-Dein, Ahmed Elmassry, Hazem M. El-Hennawi and Ehab F. Mossallam
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:179
  30. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ocular biometric parameters in adult cataract patients from China and create an anterior chamber depth (ACD) regression model.

    Authors: Qiong Lei, Haixia Tu, Xi Feng, Julio Ortega-Usobiaga, Danmin Cao and Yong Wang
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:178
  31. To evaluate the effects of lid debris debridement and meibomian gland expression (MGX) on extracellular matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) levels and clinical outcomes of moderate and severe MGD.

    Authors: Su Young Moon, Sol Ah Han, Hye Ji Kwon, So Young Park, Jae Hyuck Lee, Ho Seok Chung, Jae Yong Kim, Hungwon Tchah and Hun Lee
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:175
  32. To assess the effectiveness and safety of 23-gauge pars plana vitrectomy combined with phacoemulsification versus vitrectomy alone in patients over 50 years with primary full-thickness macular holes (FTMH).

    Authors: Christophe Valmaggia, Filip Kostadinov, Corina Lang and Josef Guber
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:174
  33. Myopic shift and biometric ocular changes have been previously observed after scleral buckling (SB) surgery in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD), but long term-term outcomes had not yet been explored. Th...

    Authors: Giuseppe Maria Albanese, Alberto Cerini, Giacomo Visioli, Marco Marenco and Magda Gharbiya
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:172
  34. We present 3 members of a family with macular dystrophy, originally diagnosed as Stargardt disease, with a significantly variable age at onset, caused by a heterozygous mutation in CRX.

    Authors: Saoud Al-Khuzaei, Karl A. Z. Hudspith, Suzanne Broadgate, Morag E. Shanks, Penny Clouston, Andrea H. Németh, Stephanie Halford and Susan M. Downes
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:168
  35. Cataract is a significant cause of preventable blindness in the United Kingdom and worldwide. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, cataract surgery was the most commonly performed operation by the National Health S...

    Authors: Francis Carr, Paras Agarwal, Harmehak Narula, Tiran S. Keragala, Samer Elshikh Hassan Awwad, Ahmed Roble and Vinod Gangwani
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:167

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