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  1. To investigate the clinical characteristics of children with congenital ptosis, with particular attention given to the incidence of anisometropia, and the difference in axial length (AL) between the right and ...

    Authors: Satoshi Ueki, Yuji Suzuki, Megumi Kiyokawa, Takako Hanyu and Takeo Fukuchi
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:358
    Content type: Research Published on:

  2. Keratoconus is a chronic degenerative disorder of the cornea characterized by thinning and cone-shaped protrusions. Although genetic factors play a key role in keratoconus development, the etiology is still un...

    Authors: Liubov O. Skorodumova, Alexandra V. Belodedova, Elena I. Sharova, Elena S. Zakharova, Liliia N. Iulmetova, Mukharram M. Bikbov, Emin L. Usubov, Olga P. Antonova, Oksana V. Selezneva, Anastasia Levchenko, Olga Yu Fedorenko, Svetlana A. Ivanova, Raul R. Gainetdinov and Boris E. Malyugin
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:357
    Content type: Research Published on:

  3. To identify the prevalence of positive IgG4 immunostaining in orbital tissue among patients previously diagnosed with nongranulomatous idiopathic orbital inflammation (IOI) and to compare the clinical characte...

    Authors: Orapan Aryasit, Nanida Tiraset, Passorn Preechawai, Kanita Kayasut, Nuttha Sanghan and Wantanee Sittivarakul
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:356
    Content type: Research Published on:

  4. Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease (KFD) is a necrotizing lymphadenitis, and presents fever of unknown origin and cervical lymphadenopathy. Ocular complications are unusual in KFD. Here we report a case of sub internal ...

    Authors: Tomohito Sato, Koji Kanda, Yusuke Kawamura and Masaru Takeuchi
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:355
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  5. The purpose of this cross-sectional study involving healthy emmetropic four-year-old Caucasian children was to provide a macular perfusion normative database acquired with optical coherence tomography angiogra...

    Authors: Dunja Bajtl, Mirjana Bjeloš, Mladen Bušić, Ana Križanović, Leon Marković and Biljana Kuzmanović Elabjer
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:354
    Content type: Research Published on:

  6. The aim of this study is to identify the genetic defect in a Chinese family with congenital aniridia combined with cataract and nystagmus.

    Authors: Tianwei Qian, Chong Chen, Caihua Li, Qiaoyun Gong, Kun Liu, Gao Wang, Isabelle Schrauwen and Xun Xu
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:353
    Content type: Research Published on:

  7. Susac syndrome (SS) is characterized by the triad of encephalopathy, branch retinal artery occlusion, and sensorineural hearing loss. However, the diagnosis of SS remains difficult because the clinical triad r...

    Authors: Joanna Roskal-Wałek, Michał Biskup, Magdalena Dolecka-Ślusarczyk, Anita Rosołowska, Andrzej Jaroszyński and Dominik Odrobina
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:352
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  10. The effect of diabetic retinopathy (DR) on the development of sight-threatening cataracts was assessed using the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan.

    Authors: Chan-Wei Nien, Chia-Yi Lee, Hung-Chi Chen, Shih-Chun Chao, Hung-Jui Hsu, Shih-Hao Tzeng, Shang-Jung Yang, Jing-Yang Huang, Shun-Fa Yang and Hung-Yu Lin
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:349
    Content type: Research Published on:

  11. We conducted the study to compare the psychometric properties of the English version of the Questionnaire and the Bahasa Malaysia (Malay Language) version regarding the vision-related Quality of Life of patien...

    Authors: Thanigasalam Thevi, Adinegara Lutfi Abas and Chang Stephanie Yen Li
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:348
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, a web-based tele-triage system was created to prioritize in-person clinic visits and ensure safety at the University of Illinois at Chicago Department of Ophthalmology and...

    Authors: Angelica C. Scanzera, Arthur Y. Chang, Nita Valikodath, Emily Cole, Joelle A. Hallak, Thasarat Sutabutr Vajaranant, Sage J. Kim and R. V. Paul Chan
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:346
    Content type: Research Published on:

  18. The purpose of this study was to implement and evaluate a deep learning (DL) approach for automatically detecting shallow anterior chamber depth (ACD) from two-dimensional (2D) overview anterior segment photog...

    Authors: Zhuyun Qian, Xiaoling Xie, Jianlong Yang, Hongfei Ye, Zhilei Wang, Jili Chen, Hui Liu, Jianheng Liang, Lihong Jiang, Ce Zheng and Xu Chen
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:341
    Content type: Research Published on:

  19. Anterior segment surgeries such as cataract surgery, intraocular lens (IOL) repositioning, and radial keratotomy (RK) may hasten endothelial dysfunction, particularly in the context of pre-existing Fuchs dystr...

    Authors: Anvesh Annadanam, Timothy Soeken, Manjool Shah and Nambi Nallasamy
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:340
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  20. In vivo corneal biomechanics evaluation has been used to help screen early keratoconus in recent years. This study is to evaluate the value of a Scheimpflug-based biomechanical analyser combined with tomograph...

    Authors: Yan Liu, Yu Zhang and Yueguo Chen
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:339
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. Imaging mass cytometry (IMC) combines the principles of flow cytometry and mass spectrometry (MS) with laser scanning spatial resolution and offers unique advantages for the analysis of tissue samples in unpre...

    Authors: Anja Schlecht, Stefaniya Boneva, Henrike Salie, Saskia Killmer, Julian Wolf, Rozina Ida Hajdu, Claudia Auw-Haedrich, Hansjürgen Agostini, Thomas Reinhard, Günther Schlunck, Bertram Bengsch and Clemens AK Lange
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:338
    Content type: Technical advance Published on:

  22. Acute retinal necrosis is considered a rare infectious uveitis. This condition is usually caused by varicella-zoster virus or herpes simplex virus. Acute retinal necrosis caused by co-infection with multiple v...

    Authors: Kasra Cheraqpour, Aliasghar Ahmadraji, Ali Rashidinia, Maziyar Irannejad and Mansoor Shahriari
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:337
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  23. There are few reports regarding the influence of varying illumination on the compensation effect before and after corneal refractive surgery. We aimed to evaluate the changes in refraction, higher-order aberra...

    Authors: Weiting Hao, Yan Wang, Tong Cui, Wenxing Ning, Qing Zhu and Yaohua Zhang
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:336
    Content type: Research Published on:

  24. Leukemic involvement of the eyes is rare, therefore, treatment relies on previous case reports. The treatment of ocular complications poses additional difficulties, because the eye is considered as a pharmacol...

    Authors: Douglas Rodrigues da Costa, Rodrigo Dahia Fernandes, Fernanda Nicolela Susanna, Epitácio Dias da Silva Neto and Mario Luiz Ribeiro Monteiro
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:335
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  25. To evaluate the relevance of external limiting membrane (ELM) on the visual and morphological results in eyes with diabetic macular edema (DME) that underwent pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with epiretinal membra...

    Authors: Domagoj Ivastinovic, Anton Haas, Martin Weger, Gerald Seidel, Christoph Mayer-Xanthaki, Ewald Lindner, Andreas Guttmann and Andreas Wedrich
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:334
    Content type: Research article Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:380

  26. Plasma medicine is an innovative research field focused on the application of atmospheric-pressure low-temperature plasmas (ALTP) for therapeutic purposes. Considering the potentials of plasma in ophthalmology...

    Authors: Farhad Nejat, Khosrow Jadidi, Fahimeh Asadi Amoli, Shiva Bagheri, Hossein Aghamollaei, Mohammad-Amin Nejat, Nazanin-Sadat Nabavi and Shima Eghtedari
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:333
    Content type: Research Published on:

  27. The present study sought to observe the effect of retaining intact posterior capsule in congenital cataract surgery in children aged 4–8 years.

    Authors: Jing Shang Zhang, Jin Da Wang, Mayinuer Yusufu, Kai Cao, Shan Shan Jin, Ying Xiong, Jing Li, Xiu Li Sun, Shu Ying Chen, Zhen Yu Liu, Jing Fu, Li Li, Qi Sheng You and Xiu Hua Wan
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:332
    Content type: Research Published on:

  28. To evaluate macular microstructure alterations in the parafoveal nonperfusion areas of eyes with branch retinal vein occlusions (BRVO), and to investigate their impact on retinal sensitivity.

    Authors: Puying Wei, Chenchen Liu, Yanzhen Zhang and Liu Yang
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:331
    Content type: Research Published on:

  29. To assess the effects of warm compress (WC) on tear film lipid layer, blink pattern and Meibomian gland function in patients with dry eye following femtosecond laser small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE)...

    Authors: Xueyi Zhou, Yang Shen, Jianmin Shang and Xingtao Zhou
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:330
    Content type: Research Published on:

  30. To investigate the effects of small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE)-derived decellularized lenticules on intraocular pressure (IOP) and conjunctival scarring in a rabbit model of glaucoma filtration surg...

    Authors: Houfa Yin, Xinyi Chen, Xiaogang Hong, Jian Ma, Fang Wu, Ting Wan, Yiwen Sang, Qiuli Fu, Zhenwei Qin, Danni Lyu, Wei Wu, Jinfu Yin and Yabo Yang
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:329
    Content type: Research Published on:

  31. The purpose of this study was to investigate diagnostic ability of peripapillary vessel density of primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) eyes in quadrant and clock-hour sectors by optical coherence tomography ...

    Authors: Yongdong Lin, Shirong Chen and Mingzhi Zhang
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:328
    Content type: Research Published on:

  32. Neurotrophic keratopathy (NK) is a relatively uncommon, underdiagnosed degenerative corneal disease that is caused by damage to the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve by conditions such as herpes simple...

    Authors: Reza Dana, Marjan Farid, Preeya K. Gupta, Pedram Hamrah, Paul Karpecki, Cathleen M. McCabe, Lisa Nijm, Jay S. Pepose, Stephen Pflugfelder, Christopher J. Rapuano, Arvind Saini, Sarah N. Gibbs and Michael S. Broder
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:327
    Content type: Research Published on:

  33. Highly myopic eyes differ in morphology from emmetropic eyes, and the correct estimation of the vitreous volume is difficult. To explore an effective method to estimate ocular volume using refractive factors i...

    Authors: Xiaodan Jiang, Hongwei Deng, Chun Lung, Fanyin Wang, Shuang Li, Yanni Jiang and Mingyue Wang
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:326
    Content type: Research Published on:

  34. Designing educational interventions tailored to the needs of Contact Lens Wearers (CLWs) are important and necessary. The present study aimed to determine the information needs of CLWs to educate and provide i...

    Authors: Fatemeh Falahati-Marvast, Fateme Alipour, Jamileh Farokhzadian and Leila Ahmadian
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:325
    Content type: Research Published on:

  35. The combined corticosteroid regimen of the original Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial (ONTT) is used in many centers to treat optic neuritis. Though pattern reversal visual evoked potentials (PRVEPs) are a sensit...

    Authors: Padmini Dahanayake, Tharaka L. Dassanayake, Manoji Pathirage, Saman Senanayake, Mike Sedgwick and Vajira S. Weerasinghe
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:324
    Content type: Research Published on:

  36. Ocular parasitosis can cause eye damage, which contribute to eye symptoms such as burning, itching and even blindness. It is uncommon to see the parasitosis lying in the sclera layer, neither it causing pteryg...

    Authors: Wenjie Zeng, Zhaoyi Pan, Jun Wang, Xianghui Deng and Wenmin Jiang
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:323
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  37. Full-thickness macular hole (FTMH) is a rare complication in retinitis pigmentosa (RP) patients and may increase intraoperative challenges. Furthermore, lens capsular flap transplantation and inverted internal...

    Authors: Chia-Ying Lee, Chung-May Yang, Chang-Hao Yang, Fung-Rong Hu and Ta-Ching Chen
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:322
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  38. Regular membrane peeling vitrectomy for epiretinal membrane (ERM) patients seldom causes large pigment epithelial detachment (PED). We presented an unusual case of the activation of quiescent polypoidal choroi...

    Authors: Yuelin Wang, Zhe Chen, Weihong Yu and Youxin Chen
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:321
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  39. We report a case of bilateral pachychoroid disease manifesting polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) with punctate hyperfluorescent spot (PHS) in one eye, and peripheral exudative hemorrhagic choroidal retin...

    Authors: Yorihisa Kitagawa, Hiroyuki Shimada, Akiyuki Kawamura, Koji Tanaka, Ryusaburo Mori, Hajime Onoe and Hiroyuki Nakashizuka
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:320
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  40. Long-term use of topical, especially benzalkonium chloride (BAC)-preserved, antiglaucoma medications can cause a negative impact on the ocular surface. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of topical ...

    Authors: Lech Sedlak, Marta Świerczyńska, Weronika Borymska, Maria Zych and Dorota Wyględowska-Promieńska
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:319
    Content type: Research Published on:

  44. Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is an infectious disease of the central nervous system caused by the TBE virus (TBEV), which is usually transmitted by a tick-bite, with increasing incidence in northeastern Europ...

    Authors: Nafsika Voulgari, Claire-May Blanc, Vanessa Guido, Daniele C. Rossi, Yan Guex-Crosier and Florence Hoogewoud
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:315
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  45. Ectopic thyroid tissue in the iris, also known as a thyroid glandular epithelial choristoma of the iris, has only been described twice in the literature. In both cases it remained asymptomatic.

    Authors: Helena Wagner, Claudia Auw-Hädrich, Martin Werner and Thomas Reinhard
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:314
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  46. Blepharochalasis is a rare eyelid disorder but eventually leading to destructive eyelid deformation. Until now the clinical and epidemiological data are unavailable. This study aimed to report the manifestatio...

    Authors: Jinqiong Zhou, Jingwen Ding and Dongmei Li
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:313
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. To evaluate the incidence of sustained elevation of intraocular pressure (SE-IOP) associated with intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factors (anti-VEGF) bevacizumab and aflibercept in ...

    Authors: Mikael Kähkönen, Raimo Tuuminen and Vesa Aaltonen
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:312
    Content type: Research Published on:

  48. Myopic anisometropic amblyopia in pediatrics is one of the most challenging clinical situations that can face an ophthalmologist. Conventional correction modalities for myopic anisometropia, using spectacles, ...

    Authors: Fathy Fawzy Morkos, Nader F. Fawzy, Mohamed El Bahrawy, Nada Fathy and Rania Serag Elkitkat
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:311
    Content type: Research Published on:

  49. This study aimed to develop a Thai version of the Dry Eye–Related Quality-of-Life Score (DEQS-Th) questionnaire and evaluate its validity, reliability, and feasibility among Thai participants.

    Authors: Sasiwimon Tansanguan, Napaporn Tananuvat, Nahathai Wongpakaran, Tinakon Wongpakaran and Somsanguan Ausayakhun
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:310
    Content type: Research Published on:

  50. To analyze blood flow volume alteration that involved both retrobulbar artery and internal carotid artery (ICA) in patients with non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) and to assess their rel...

    Authors: Zhiyong Fu, Hongyang Li and Yanling Wang
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:309
    Content type: Research Published on:
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